Strong typhoon changed seismic activity in Taiwan • Earth.com

A new study revealed that seismic activity can be increased through the effects of severe storms. An international team of researchers led by GFZ-Potsdam found that in Taiwan, a large amount of erosion caused by a catastrophe temporarily changed the frequency of earthquakes.

Active mountain ranges such as those in Taiwan have “thrust errors”, as crustal breaks contain ancient rocks pushed over smaller rocks. When the pressure becomes too strong, the rocks are broken.

Usually the continuous strain of the moving shell panels causes the faults to slip, and the resulting earthquakes cause landslides and wear. In the new study, experts revealed that the opposite is also true – landslides and erosion can lead to earthquakes.

Taiwan Island is located in the western Pacific Ocean, and is a hotspot for seismic activity. In 2009, Typhoon Morakot was the deadliest typhoon to affect Taiwan in recorded history.

The storm has delivered unprecedented amounts of rain in the region. Within three days, three thousand liters of rain fell per square meter. With this in mind, Berlin receives an average of 550 liters of rain per square meter a year. Water led to widespread floods and landslides, killing more than 600 people.

The researchers conducted a statistical analysis to verify seismic activity after the hurricane. The study showed that there were many more small and shallow earthquakes during the 2.5 years after Hurricane Morakot compared to previous years. Importantly, increases in seismic activity are observed only in areas where there has been widespread erosion.

“We explain this change in earthquakes by increasing the crustal pressure at a shallow depth of less than 15 km in conjunction with surface erosion,” said lead author Niels Hoveus.

The landslides move enormous loads, while rivers move the material away from the devastated areas. Hofius explained that removing these loads gradually changes the stress condition in the upper part of the Earth’s crust, causing more earthquakes on thrust errors.

“Surface and tectonic processes are connected in the blink of an eye,” said Hovius. “Earthquakes are among the most serious natural hazards and destroy them.”

“A better understanding of earthquakes from external tectonics and processes is crucial for a more realistic assessment of earthquake hazards, especially in areas with a high population density.”

The study was published in Scientific Reports.

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Posted by Chrissy Sexton, Earth.com crew writer

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