The Beirut port explosion causes a 3-magnitude earthquake

Seismic programs show seismic waves that reach different stations of the regional network … [+] Geological Survey of Israel, Schematic Diagram shared by @ NadavWetzler.

Nadav Witzler / Geological Survey of Israel

A massive explosion in Beirut, Lebanon, killed more than 100 people and demolished neighboring buildings, resulting in shock waves exceeding 250 kilometers (150 miles) across the Earth. Eyewitness accounts describe a massive earthquake of buildings in a 50 km radius, and the shivering hair of the earth is still 250 km from the center of the explosion. Seismic waves were recorded by the seismic network of the Geological Survey of Israel and seismic stations along the Syrian border to Turkey, approximately 400 km.

According to first estimates by geologists, the explosion was equivalent to a 4.5 magnitude earthquake, compared to the energy unleashed by the 1,000,000 tons of TNT detonation. USGS gives volume 3.3. The reported volume is not directly compared to an earthquake of the same magnitude because the explosion occurred on the surface where the seismic waves are not generated efficiently. News reports indicate that the explosion was caused by the outbreak of 2.750 tons of ammonium nitrate stored in the Beirut port area, which is approximately 1,100 tons of TNT.

A joint diagram of Jugurtha Kariche, a geologist at the Institute of Physics at Globe in Strasbourg, France, illustrates the typical seismic pattern caused by an explosion.

Sign of earthquakes recorded by the University of Nablus (Palestinian Territories). Seismograph is … [+] It is located 188 km south of Beirut. The first estimate of body wave size also gives ~ 4MB. For comparison, this is energy equivalent to 1,000 tons of TNT.

Jugurtha Kariche / Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg

The earthquake is caused by rock slipping along the fracture, which leads to seismic waves with a complex seismograph. The seismic sensor will first detect the primary waves (P- or compressibility) and then the secondary waves (S- or transverse), followed by the most destructive surface or Rayleigh waves. The explosion generates a range of rapid compressive waves that propagate in all directions at the same speed, resulting in a simpler pattern. During the explosion, the sudden peak of P-tail waves follows from weaker interference and surface waves, below the known peak S-waves.

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