A terrifying threat of an undersea earthquake that could wipe out California could happen at any time The world | News

A massive undersea fault line off America's west coast could trigger an earthquake of apocalyptic proportions, set to happen any time now, a new study suggests.

According to the US National Science Foundation (USNSF), the Cascadia subduction zone is about 600 miles long and 100 miles off the coast of California.

It represents the area where the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate is subducting (moving under) the North American plate. Sometimes during this process of intense pressure and heat, the movement can suddenly shake and release incredible energy in the form of an earthquake.

The Earth's crust, the thin solid layer above the molten levels below, consists of multiple tectonic plates upon which various landmasses and oceans around the world lie.

In addition to triggering earthquakes, scientists believe the Cascadia Subduction Zone could trigger a “mega” event leading to what is feared to be a “major” earthquake.

A “big earthquake” is classified in seismic terms as a large earthquake, the magnitude of which can reach 9 on the Richter scale.

To put an earthquake of this size into context, the more famous San Andreas Fault in California is expected to produce a large event measuring about 8.3 on the scale.

In 2011, an earthquake measuring 9 on the Richter scale struck Japan, followed by a tsunami, killing nearly 20,000 people.

Because the Cascadia region lies beneath the Pacific Ocean, any energy released from the “megathrust” would also create a tsunami threat as massive waves of energy are generated beneath the seafloor.

The USNSF-funded project found that the massive fault “is not a single continuous structure, but rather is divided into at least four parts, each of which is likely unaffected by the movements of the others.”

“Although we had previously obtained significant information about the depth and geometry of the large, deep thrust portion of the underground subduction zone, we had little information,” said Susan Carbut, lead author and a marine geophysicist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Information about the very important sea part where large destructive earthquakes start because it is hidden under the sea floor.

“Our findings will directly help people studying earthquake and tsunami risks in the region.”

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