Earthquake at same time as volcano eruption may have caused Pompeii deaths – study | Volcanoes

Victims who died in Pompeii after the devastating eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 may have been killed by a simultaneous earthquake, a study suggests.

Scientists have debated for decades whether the seismic activity occurred during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in southern Italy nearly 2,000 years ago, rather than immediately before, as Pliny the Younger reported in his letters.

The article, published Thursday in the academic journal Frontiers in Earth Science, takes a fresh look at the world-famous archaeological site, and claims that one or more simultaneous earthquakes were a “contributing cause of the building’s collapse and the deaths of the inhabitants.”

“Our findings suggest that the effects of building collapse caused by synchronous explosive earthquakes (seismic activity at the time of the explosion) should be considered an additional cause of death in the ancient city of Pompeii,” the study said.

Archaeologists estimate that between 15 and 20 percent of Pompeii's population died in the explosion, mostly from thermal shock when a giant cloud of gases and ash enveloped the city.

Volcanic ash then buried the Roman city, perfectly preserving houses, public buildings, objects and even people until their discovery in the late 16th century.

In May 2023, archaeologists discovered the skeletons of two men who appeared to have been killed not by the heat and clouds of fiery gas and ash, but by the trauma of collapsing walls—providing valuable new data.

One of the victims was found with his left hand raised up, as if to protect his head.

“It is noteworthy that such shocks are similar to those experienced by individuals exposed to modern earthquakes,” wrote the authors, who determined that the collapse of the walls was not due to falling stones and debris, but rather to seismic activity.

“In a broader view that takes into account the entire city, we consider, as a working hypothesis, that losses from building collapses caused by earthquakes may not be limited to individuals,” the authors wrote.

The study claimed that the intersection of phenomena resulting from volcanic and seismic activity requires a multidisciplinary approach, in collaboration between archaeologists and earth scientists.

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