The efforts of rebuilding the earthquakes of Türkiye with justice must balance

After two years of destroyed earthquakes for the year 2023 in Türkiye, which killed about 60,000 people and caused the collapse of 57,000 buildings, the country's recovery remains slow, partial and severely chosen.

Despite the widespread reconstruction efforts, the “reconstruction of the century” described, there is no clear strategy or schedule, and affected societies are still excluded from decision -making.

Given the scale of destruction, it is possible that reconstruction efforts will take years. Priority is given to government housing projects on a large scale around the outskirts of the city due to their speed and ease of acquisition of land. However, these developments often come at the expense of uprooting known societies, pushing people to the oceanic areas with limited access to services such as transportation, education and less economic opportunities.

The temporary accommodation, such as container cities, continues to deteriorate. Over hand over and insufficient sanitation and unreliable access to clean water, electricity, health care and education on a large scale. Women face the increasing safety risks, and schools are flooded, forcing many families to move unintentionally or letting children have no choice but to pull to school.

List the “Century Disaster”

From the beginning, the political leadership in Türkiye has placed earthquakes in 2023 as the “disaster of the century”, using its scope to transfer the scrutiny of the failure of governance. Playing the weakness of earthquakes and systematic neglect a major role in destruction, but officials have avoided accountability.

This novel was reinforced by the contractors who face the trial, who claimed that the destruction was caused by an unusual natural event instead of bad construction practices or organizational failures. By photographing the disaster as an unavoidable, they sought to turn responsibility away from those who contributed to the destruction.

The rapid removal of debris has weakened efforts to prove accountability. Wiping the ruins of ruins so quickly erased the important evidence that could have explained the cause of the collapse of some buildings while others remained standing. Several structures have not been evaluated correctly, and legal cases against officials had struggled to move forward because of the lost documents.

Survivors who are looking for justice remain trapped in long legal battles with little hope of accountability. Among them are initiatives such as families in seeking to achieve justice and the association of the hero of the angels, led by relatives of the victims, continues to request accountability from contractors and officials.

An elderly woman washing dishes outside a container house where she and her family live in Antakya, southern Türkiye, in January 2024. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)

It is important to note that the ground movements caused by the earthquake in a few areas did not exceed the parameters specified in the construction symbols, but this should only lead to damage, not the total construction collapse.

Carrying out legal lands and battles

The construction industry in Türkiye, closely related to political power, has benefited from disasters, which enhances the current economic and political hierarchy. Reconstruction projects are widely operating as an economic engine, giving companies with government links a document with a feature with the gesture of local communities.

The granting of extensive projects without competitive bids has sparked fears that reconstruction is to give priority to political and economic interests on the needs of local communities.

One of the main mechanisms that allow reconstruction from top to bottom is to set reserve areas, a legal tool that allows the state to confiscate lands to re -develop under the justification of recovery from disasters and urban renewal. This process often led to forced displacement, especially in areas of high value of land or when redevelopment is in line with the broader political and economic interests.

This is evident in Akevler, which is alive in the middle of Antakya, where the residents receive sudden confiscation orders, even for sound homes or that were structurally fixed. He launched many legal challenges, representing their buildings with the signs of reading “not destroying; in court” to resist the state -led destruction.

The buildings in Hatay with “Do not demolish; in the court warnings on the facades to avoid demolishing by mistake in September 2024. Fatima Ozdogan

In November 2024, there was a great legal victory for residents when a residence court in the Akifler reserve area issued. The court referred to “irreplaceable damage” and ruled that demolition and evictions could not continue without the due legal procedures. This decision also extended to vacant parcels, enhancing concerns about arbitrary land attacks.

In addition to urban areas, rapid recovery decisions ignored environmental fears. In Defne, Hatay, the survivor of the Çiğdem Mutlu Arslan earthquake was fighting to protect the Oliv Garden to the ancestors of her family. In July 2024, a contractor-cited road building after disasters-32 was reduced from 40 trees, some of which are over 150 years, without a confiscation decision.

She held more assault, Arslan created a camp on her land, documenting destruction and increasing awareness of how to worsen recovery policies. Its struggle reflects broader consequences after disasters, as efforts to recover societies, heritage and the environment threaten.

Çiğdem Mutlu, who survived an earthquake from Antakya, fights to protect the garden of her family's grandparents in continuous legal battles, in September 2024. Fatima Ozdogan “Better Building”

While these struggles highlight the shortcomings of recovery after disasters, there are better and more just ways to deal with reconstruction. Better construction (BBB) ​​has become a global major principle, which constitutes expectations for reconstruction.

BBB was presented by the United Nations after the 2004 Indian Tsunami, and promotes the rebuilding of stronger, more flexible and more fair societies instead of just restoring pre -disaster conditions. BBB gives priority to disaster resistance infrastructure, social shares and sustainability to reduce future risks.

However, BBB faces great challenges. The tension between the rapid reconstruction and the long -term flexibility often leads to differentials, as the speed takes priority on shares and sustainability. Weak societies, especially low -income groups with no safe land rights, often receive insufficient attention, which exacerbates exacerbation of the existing inequality in advance.

In order for BBB to be effective, the recovery strategies must be comprehensive and adapted to local contexts. However, many disaster areas lack social safety networks and institutional ability to successfully implement BBB. In addition, the wide goals and mystery of Framework often lead to inconsistent applications, as weaknesses are strengthened instead of processing them.

The remnants of destroyed buildings are filmed during the earthquake in Antika, southeast of Türkiye in August 2023.

Depending on these examples and looking at the global discourse about recovery after disasters, it should give a more effective approach to social justice, transparency and long -term flexibility. Many major measures must be considered:

Revolutionary revolt around people: Reconstruction must give the priorities of affected societies instead of foreign economic or political interests. Ensuring access to stable housing, education and health care while treating current inequality is crucial. Organized civil society groups can help express needs and develop the community -based plans. The decentralized access to funding for societies associated with technical support can help in achieving these plans.

Transparency and accountability: The decision -making process must be open to public audit, and legal provisions must be implemented.

The challenge of dominant novels: exceeding the novels that frame disasters as an inevitable matter is very important. Acknowledging the failure of governance and addressing regular issues will be essential to prevent future tragedies.

Speed ​​balance with flexibility: Although urgent needs must be met, reconstruction must include more sustainable planning to prevent future displacement and social effects.

Building industry reform: Ensuring the enforcement of effective regulations and handling systemic gaps in supervision is necessary to reduce weakness in future disasters.

Without these measures, Türkiye risks repeating previous errors, deepening the disparities and its failure to provide stability to disaster affected societies.

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