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Why are earthquakes still important? Undrr
In the early hours of February 6, 2023, an earthquake measured 7.8 west northwest of Gaziantest, Torky. After less than 10 hours, another shock shook 7.7 the same area.
The disaster lasted more than 60,000 human people in the south, central Tarkayi, northern and western Syria, causing catastrophic damage and suffering.
In the aftermath, national and local authorities and societies made great efforts to reconstruction, set new standards for fast recovery principles and “better building”.
The flexible recovery conference in the next world – during the preparatory days of the 2025 global platform to reduce disaster risk – will be an opportunity to learn from these experiences.
High risk and environments built
This earthquake was another reminder of the high risk of catastrophic losses of earthquakes.
Water disasters are increasing, making them focus in general policy. However, earthquakes are overlooked, even while they are increasing risks, driven by expanding an unsafe built environment.
The coalition of the flexible infrastructure of disasters (CDRI) is estimated in its annual report of 2023 that approximately 30 % of the average annual expected annual losses worldwide are linked to earthquakes.
There is a very useful saying, “Not earthquakes kill people, they are weak buildings and infrastructure that kills people.” And the buildings and the weak infrastructure – in other words, are unsafe built environments – are the result of social and economic processes that are characterized by low awareness (with a decrease in social demand for seismic safety), and insufficient abilities (trained engineers, contractors and craftsmen are not enough, low or no standards (symbols Single safety is insufficient and building regulations), and the power of weak governance (the ability to apply the adoption of seismic safety symbols where it exists).
Our knowledge
Our understanding of earthquake physics has improved. We also understand how buildings and earthquakes respond to earthquakes, and we know how to make them safer. From a simple brown design to complex material infrastructure, engineering knowledge is at all levels ever.
However, the risk of losses caused by earthquakes increases in most seismic countries.
But the trend is not fate. It can be caught. It can be reversed.
Four approaches to seismic safety 1) take a long view, but start now.
Each long journey begins with a first step. Our stock of unsafe buildings and infrastructure has been assembled for decades, and it is possible to see them to replace them and quickly replace them. However, if every city and every village in every earthquake region will intend to build every new project for the building or infrastructure according to the criteria resistant to the earthquake, in a decade of time, we will have a completely different conversation. We need to double the efforts made to develop seismic building codes (where there is no).
For current buildings and infrastructure, we need to develop common priorities through societies, governments and the private sector to systematically update and enhance them. This priority should be made with a clear understanding of the risks, which is the first priority for the Sendai framework.
Disaster scenarios, such as those created by Geohazards International, can allow societies to visualize potential effects and define the priorities of alleviating strategies effectively. Using any available resources, we can strengthen one hospital, one school simultaneously. This will not only improve seismic safety, but also will also have other joint organization in terms of enhancing awareness and better quality of the environment built for daily use.
At the same time, we must find practical adjustment solutions, which help prevent the catastrophic collapse of the buildings, and can be implemented widely. To do this, the creation of a market that works to re -update by organizing and feeding it by public sector investments such as the market obligations.
In Wadi Kathmandu, the NST National Association in Nepal (NST) re -updated 260 schools between 1997 and 2015. Among them, 160 Gorka earthquake shocked the 2015 earthquake, all of whom are experienced, at worst slight damage – While in other schools more than 25,000 classrooms were destroyed. We have great evidence that investments in profit adjustment – in losses and a valuable life.
However, these efforts are not easy – they require enhancing disaster risk governance at the local level in very concrete ways.
Innovation is required not only in terms of new technologies but also in risk governance – such as the introduction of innovative Japan systems after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, including the application of the private sector of the new most striking new symbols that incurred the update modification of old buildings.
Another example is the innovative approach to the reconstruction driven by the owner made by Seeds India after the 2001 Gojarat earthquake through multiple seismic events. Their experience shows that the empowerment of home owners and local builders leads to safe, sustainable, cost-effective, culturally appropriate-residents on standards and speeds that are unparalleled by the programs led by the contractor.
2) Investing in capabilities at all levels.
The formation of a safe -earthquake environment for earthquakes requires capabilities in many specialties and at all levels – urban planning, seismology, earthquake engineering, geotechnical engineering, and enhancing disaster resistant building skills in Freemasonians, Barnes, contractors, etc. – and in many countries. Sadly insufficient.
There is no short abbreviation, but to invest systematically in developing these capabilities, and paying demand through organizing and issuing certificates.
3) Dealing with each disaster as an opportunity to learn.
As a new graduate in architecture, I learned more from the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake
From any textbook. Monitoring the performance of buildings and the way they failed under the earthquake forces have brought the theory to life.
We say that every very precious catastrophe: we must systematically collect data and analyze forensic medicine after each earthquake, so that we can improve construction codes and enforcement systems, launch awareness campaigns, and better understand seismic epidemics. This includes the creation of learning systems in our national and sexual institutions.
4) Promote public awareness.
Maintaining awareness of less repeated risks, but destroyed is always a challenge.
Again, there are no quick repairs. Building public awareness at school begins (captured young!) Over time, it can generate a greater social demand for seismic safety.
While we convert our long -term environment, in the short term, we need to teach people how to manage risks. Awareness of simple protection measures – such as dropping, cover and nodes during the earthquake, and stabilizing non -structural elements such as flowers on balconies, and large cabinets in homes – have a long way to protect lives.
The way to seismic safety is firm, as many of the stories of success from countries and societies have proven to reduce the risk of the earthquake significantly. The 1960 Chile earthquake, for example, was the largest earthquake ever since the measures began, and its effects were catastrophic. Just 50 years later – in 2010, in the same year caused by the Haiti earthquake more than 200,000 deaths – Chile was again, by 8.8 earthquake and taguname. While 523 people tragicly lost their lives, this is a small part of the number that could have died if Chile had not applied strict construction codes during the reconstruction.
We need to follow their progress and make seismic safety a global movement. It is a long journey – but the first step must be taken now.
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