Rock School: Rocking properties in the rift areas contribute to the generation of earthquakes

The planning number of the integration area below the Canto (left) area in Japan and the spatial distribution of the size from 2 to 6 earthquakes on the integration area in 60 to 70 km below the surface of the earth (right). The internal shape of the left shape shows the cut cut area that causes the frequency of deep reaction earthquakes. Image as a courtesy: Yah Huang

Study: Rift materials do not control the deep reaction earthquakes (Doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr9353)

Earthquakes occur along the rift lines between the continental panels, where a plate is dived under it. It builds pressure between each plate, and it is called rift strain. When this pressure builds enough to release, the paintings slide and grind them against each other, causing an earthquake.

The researchers have long believed that this force is the main driver of earthquakes. But there is also another force in the mixture: the properties of the rocks in the rift areas along the plate's interface. This includes both the structure of the rock as well as how to arrange rocks along the regions.

Now, a study of the University of Michigan, which is looking into a small area in Japan, showed that the characteristics of the rift area rocks are really important to generate earthquakes.

Yah Hwang

Yih Huang, a major author and professor participating in Earth and Environmental Sciences, looked at her team in the data of the East Canto region in Japan, including Tokyo. The region is located where the Philippine Sea plate is between the North American plate and the Pacific plate.

The earthquakes there tend to be small and spoke at a depth of about 60 to 70 km – depth, according to Hanging. The area is born about half of the seismic that can be felt in Tokyo.

The researchers found that the rock material along this rift line is linked, which means that the minerals inside the rocks are arranged in distinctive layers. The results, published in Science Advances, indicate that the properties of the rocks may equally contribute to the generation of earthquakes, as well as strain of the rift.

Huang says finding active areas of integration areas where earthquakes tend to occur, and study the cause of earthquakes in these areas, can help researchers put better earthquake warning systems.

“When we think about the location of earthquakes, we always think in a wider range, such as widespread areas. But it's not like this. Even in areas of spread, there are some sites that are more active and we need to find these sites.” “Our study provides a way for us to find these sites. If they are linked together or temporarily, it may contribute to the generation of larger earthquakes.

“The main meals are that the boundaries of the integration area painting contain more affected rocks than what we have thought about before on a kilometer scale, which is related to the generation of earthquakes in all areas of spread that hosts earthquakes in translated sites.”

This promotion of the rocks gives the so -called varied properties, which means that the rock displays different properties in different directions, similar to the difference in the properties of wood along its pill compared to it. This leads to the rock has different levels of strength in these directions, similar to how wood is stronger along the grains through it. The rock layers themselves along the rift line are a mixture of different types of rocks.

The area examined by researchers is covered by a network of well -placed well -placed earthquake stations. Since earthquake measuring devices are placed about 100 meters in wells, earthquake measuring devices can capture very small signals.

Researchers used data from the well -seismic standards to calculate the potential Poisson ratio. This ratio measures the 3D elastic properties of the rocks: think about a sponge, says Huang. If you press a sponge to end to end, the middle of the sponge extends. If you extend a sponge, the middle of the sponge will collect. In this way, the material inside the sponge becomes deformed.

The researchers found that in this area, when the rocks are pressed in this rift area, they do not distort much in the other direction. This means that the rock is stronger in one direction than the other, again, similar to how the wood is stronger along the grains.

“This is very strange, and we haven't seen it in this ground materials on a kilometer,” Huang said. “We assume this should be linked to the very local structural homogeneity in the integration area.”

It says that both understand the basic structures of the rocks and how tectonic panels together turn it on the most important to understand how earthquakes occur.

Huang said: “Looking at these anomalous areas in the integration areas is essential to understanding the location of earthquakes and why it happens there,” Huang said.

Next, researchers plan to examine data from earthquake standards placed on the ocean floor directly in the external Japan to search for more rocks along the front of the Japanese bend panel.

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