We are still waiting for “it,” but we don’t really want it.

There have been many small earthquakes affecting Oregon, but smaller earthquakes usually cause little if any damage. Serious worry is the long-awaited “big”.

Earthquakes 8.18.20 | Photo from before earthquake

The graphic above is a look at earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest over the past 10 days as of 8.18.20. Less powerful earthquake occurs every day, but we must be aware of the long-awaited “great earthquake”. A “Great Earthquake” is a subduction earthquake that has been studied and talked about for years. We’ve seen some very dangerous earthquakes recently. We will remember the 11th of March 2011 due to the 9.0 earthquake which was the strongest on record in Japan. There was an 8.2 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Chile late on the night of Tuesday 1st April 2014, which led to a relatively small tsunami. . A 5.8-magnitude earthquake off the coast of Panama the following day, April 2, caused light and moderate tremors, with no major damage or injuries reported. A 5.1 earthquake in Los Angeles, California on March 28 struck again and no serious damage or injuries were reported even with several aftershocks including a 4.1 tremor on Saturday March 29. Experts say there is no link between these earthquakes that would indicate any major activity around the famous “Ring of Fire” in the Pacific. Oregon Earthquake on Sunday, April 6, 2014 at around 8:30 pm was a magnitude 3.5 earthquake with its epicenter near Portland, Oregon. Oregon has not seen as many dangerous earthquakes as our neighbor California, but we hold our collective breath waiting for the “Great Earthquake”, the subduction earthquake that could devastate the Pacific Northwest. I’m sure you’ve heard of plate tectonics. Earth’s surface is not uniformly solid around the planet. There are various sections called “plates” floating on the molten layer below.

Subduction Zone Cascadia | Image via geology.gsapbus.org

Here in the Pacific Northwest, our land is on the North American Plate that runs through the United States and Canada to the mid-Atlantic. On the other hand, off the northwest coast of the Pacific Ocean are the smaller Juan de Fuca Plate, the Gorda Plate, and the Explorer Plate. Together, they are referred to as the Cascadia Subduction Zone. These plates have been burrowing under the North American plate for a long time, and when enough pressure builds up, they push away under the North American plate, causing an earthquake. This subduction (regression) could cause an energy explosion that would be a very powerful subduction earthquake, and depending on where it is centered, it could be devastating for the entire Pacific Northwest region. The worst damage will be the one closest to the epicenter.

Seismograph | Photo by www.nbcwashington.com

How are earthquakes measured? A seismometer is the tool that scientists use to measure the movement of the Earth, which includes sound waves caused by earthquakes and volcanoes. A seismograph is a device that shows a tracking by means of a graph showing the size and intensity of the waves. There are many scales that measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

Richter Seismograph | Image via commons.wikimedia.com

The most famous scale for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes was created in 1935 by Charles Richter who was a seismologist from the California Institute of Technology. The scale is based on how much the seismograph needle is deflected due to the seismic wave produced by the earthquake. When the magnitude of the earthquake is reported, it is determined as M1, M2, etc. Scale numbers can be tricky. A magnitude 5.0 earthquake is 31 times stronger than a magnitude 4.0 earthquake. It is a logarithmic rather than arithmetic progression, so the whole number difference is much greater than it appears. An earthquake’s intensity is measured by the actual damage caused by an earthquake. This scale is given in Roman numerals from I to XII. The Intensity III earthquake is harmless and not everyone will feel it, whereas Intensity IX or X will cause great damage. XII intensity will cause complete havoc. A study by Jim Savage of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and colleagues in 1980 came to the conclusion that the reason there are no earthquakes in the Cascadia Subduction Zone is because it is “completely closed”. Assuming it is correct, then this means that pressure will continue to build up in the rift zone, and that it will continue to grow by 1.6 inches annually as it was, and in the end the result will be a rupture that causes a massive earthquake. This is the “big thing” we have been waiting for.

Seattle, Washington earthquake 3.21.02 | Image from www.city-data.com

Experts say it’s not a matter of whether it will happen, but of when the major subduction earthquake will occur. The epicenter will be the most important in determining who is getting the most damage. If it happened in Washington or far north Oregon, southern Willamette Valley would likely experience less disaster. The same would be true if the epicenter was well in the south. According to Robert S. Yates of Oregon State University, an earthquake with its epicenter off the coast of Central Oregon would be the worst-case scenario for the South Willamette Valley. According to one of his colleagues Chris Goldfinger, the 50-year M9 earthquake for the entire subduction zone is about 10% and there is a 30% chance in the southern part of the Cascadia subduction zone (that’s us, in Lin County). For more information on how to prepare your home for an earthquake, go to the FEMA Earthquake Safety website. The information in this column was sourced from many sources including semesters I took in college, the Internet, and from Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, Survivor’s Handbook by Robert S. Yates, professor emeritus of geology at Oregon State University. If you want to track earthquakes or just want to know when and where they happen, you can go to the Live Earthquake Map website whenever you want.

Let me know what you wanna talk about or explain to you. You can comment below or email me at: [email protected]

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