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Global gains in TB response threatened by funding challenges
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest infectious killers, claiming more than 1.2 million lives and affecting an estimated 10.7 million people last year, according to WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2025released today. Despite measurable advances in diagnosis, treatment and innovation, persistent challenges in financing and equitable access to care threaten to undo hard-won gains in the global fight against tuberculosis.
“The reduction in the global burden of tuberculosis and advances in testing, treatment, social care and research are welcome news after years of setbacks, but progress is not victory,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “The fact that TB continues to claim more than a million lives each year, despite being preventable and curable, is simply unconscionable. WHO is working with countries to build on the progress they have made and accelerate the path to ending TB by 2030.”
Global progress and success stories
Between 2023 and 2024, the global TB incidence rate decreased by almost 2%, while TB mortality decreased by 3%. These reductions signal the continued recovery of essential health services after disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Some regions and countries are showing sustained progress, demonstrating that strong political commitment and investment are tackling this ancient disease. Between 2015 and 2024, the WHO African Region achieved a 28% reduction in TB incidence rates (number of TB cases per 100,000 population per year) and a 46% reduction in mortality. The European region saw an even greater decline, with a 39% drop in incidence and a 49% decrease in mortality.
During the same period, more than 100 countries achieved at least a 20% reduction in TB incidence rates, and 65 countries achieved reductions of 35% or more in TB-related deaths. These countries have achieved the first milestones Strategy of the World Health Organization for the fight against tuberculosis.
However, ending TB globally will require accelerated progress in countries with the highest burden. In 2024, 87% of the global number of people who developed tuberculosis were concentrated in 30 countries. Just eight of these accounted for 67% of the global total: India (25%), Indonesia (10%), the Philippines (6.8%), China (6.5%), Pakistan (6.3%), Nigeria (4.8%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (3.9%) and Bangladesh (3.6%).
Great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
It has been estimated that timely treatment of tuberculosis has saved 83 million lives since 2000. Between 2023 and 2024, progress in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis continued, reflecting the impact of ongoing efforts and innovation in countries. Key achievements include:
- In 2024, 8.3 million people were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis and started treatment, which represents about 78% of people who contracted the disease during that year;
- Rapid TB test coverage increased from 48% in 2023 to 54% in 2024;
- Treatment of drug-susceptible TB remains highly effective, with a success rate of 88%;
- The number of people who develop drug-resistant TB is falling each year with more than 164,000 people being treated in 2024. The latest figures show an improvement in the treatment success rate, to 71%, compared to 68% the previous year;
- In 2024, 5.3 million people at high risk of tuberculosis received preventive treatment, compared to 4.7 million in 2023.
Social protection and multi-sector action is key to addressing the drivers of the epidemic
For the first time, WHO reported on progress towards the social protection target set at the second UN high-level meeting on tuberculosis in 2023, using data collected by the International Labor Organization (ILO). Among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, social protection coverage remains highly unequal, ranging from 3.1% in Uganda to 94% in Mongolia. Namely, 19 countries report coverage rates below 50%.
The report also highlights data on the main risk factors driving the epidemic, such as malnutrition, HIV infection, diabetes, smoking and alcohol use. Addressing these drivers, along with structural determinants such as poverty, requires coordinated multisectoral action.
Funding gaps threaten progress and research
Despite many gains, global levels of progress remain far from meeting the goals of the End TB Strategy. A major obstacle is global funding for tuberculosis, which has stagnated since 2020. In 2024, only US$5.9 billion was available for prevention, diagnosis and treatment – just over a quarter of the US$22 billion annual target set for 2027.
The reduction of funding from international donors from 2025 is a serious challenge. Modeling studies have already warned that long-term cuts in international donor funding could result in up to 2 million additional deaths and 10 million people affected by TB between 2025 and 2035.
Global funding for TB research also lags behind, reaching only US$1.2 billion in 2023 (24% of target). As of August 2025, 63 diagnostic tests were in development and 29 drugs were in clinical trials – compared to only 8 in 2015. Additionally, 18 vaccine candidates are undergoing clinical trials, including 6 in Phase 3. WHO continues to lead global efforts to advance the TB vaccine agenda, supported by the Tuberculosis Vaccine Acceleration Council launched by the WHO Director-General.
“We are at a defining moment in the fight against tuberculosis,” said Dr Tereza Kasaeva, Director of the WHO Division of HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. “Funding cuts and persistent drivers of the epidemic threaten to undo hard-won gains, but with political commitment, sustained investment and global solidarity, we can turn the tide and end this ancient killer once and for all.”
WHO calls for sustained political commitment, increased domestic investment and intensified research to accelerate progress.
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