An earthquake early warning system is launched in Quebec, eastern Ontario

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A network of sensors that could provide crucial notification of a potentially dangerous earthquake in Quebec and eastern Ontario has now been activated.

Natural Resources Canada (NRC) announced the expansion of its earthquake early warning system on Thursday.

If an earthquake of magnitude five or higher is detected, the system kicks into action and sends emergency phone and broadcast alerts similar to those for tornadoes or Amber Alerts.

These alerts can give several seconds of warning before the tremor starts, giving people time to take cover and protect themselves.

The administration said it is also working to warn specific sectors so that trains can be suspended, surgeries can be temporarily halted and bridges or tunnels closed, for example.

Along with western British Columbia, where the warning system was launched last year, the NRC said eastern Ontario and southern Quebec are at moderate to high risk of earthquakes.

The Norwegian Refugee Council said that a large earthquake in such urban environments could cause tens of billions of dollars in damage.

An earthquake with a magnitude above five magnitudes has only been recorded in Canada this year, according to the Canadian Earthquake Service: a magnitude 5.2 off the coast of the Northwest Territories last month.

This region has recorded only three such strengths this century, in the years 2002, 2010, and 2013.

P and S waves

As the government explains, sensors first detect the initial deep energy emanating from the earthquake, known as the primary wave or P wave.

If they are likely to cause damage, an alert is sent before secondary waves or S waves arrive and cause damage.

In British Columbia, for example, the P waves of an earthquake were detected about 600 kilometers away about a minute before the S waves arrived.

However, people closer to the epicenter may not get an alert in time.

Watch | When and why do these alerts go out:

Why might you not get an earthquake alert during an emergency?

Southwest British Columbia has experienced several small but noticeable earthquakes over the past few weeks. For some, it raises questions about how to best prepare. CBC's Panit Prayesh looks into the earthquake early warning system and how to make sure it works best for you.

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