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Researchers deploy sensors in the aftermath of a 6.0 earthquake
In the wake of the 6.0 magnitude earthquake that rocked the island of Hawaii on May 22, researchers from the University of Hawaii have been working to try to better understand the cause and repercussions of the event, which damaged about 150 buildings.
Sin Mei Wu, a seismologist at UH Manoa, was at the site of the quake’s epicenter — about 7 miles south of Honaunau-Napu’poua on the Kona side — last week with a team of researchers deploying an array of seismic sensors.
While the USGS Hawaii Volcano Observatory maintains a network of sensors across the island, Wu said they are mainly concentrated in areas with high volcanic activity, and there were very few of them near the Honaunau area.
She and her team set up a total of 30 temporary, portable sensors in 15 different locations around Pu’uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park to capture and monitor potential aftershocks.
“This is our goal. We want to capture all the aftershocks, and then try to describe them,” she said, adding that they had detected a 3.3-magnitude earthquake in the same area on Monday. “It doesn’t give off the same shaking, but it actually comes from the same source area as the magnitude six, so studying this type of smaller earthquake can also help us understand what’s going on.”
Unlike more frequent, low-magnitude earthquakes associated with the island’s volcano, the May 22 event was what’s known as a ductile earthquake, meaning it was caused by the tectonic plates on which Hawaii, 14 miles below sea level, flex due to the weight of the islands above them, according to the USGS.
Hawaii’s location relative to tectonic plates makes it unique compared to many other seismically active areas, said Helen Janiszewski, another UH Manoa seismologist who works with Wu.
“One of the key things here is that, in Hawaii, we are in the middle of tectonic plates, not at plate boundaries. Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries along well-defined fault zones,” she said. “We have a completely different system here.”
For this reason, she said, studying events like the recent earthquake can be more difficult without similar settings to compare.
“Unlike other tectonic boundaries, it is very difficult for us to infer the types of processes that govern these types of folding earthquakes in detail, because we cannot infer from similar systems elsewhere globally with the same ease,” she said. “At plate boundaries, similar systems exist for comparison, which is why it is particularly important to be able to deploy this temporary array to study aftershock sequences, because it will help us understand the fault geometry better.”
The sensor array will remain in place for two months, which Wu said should be long enough to capture any additional aftershocks.
It also provides a window into data collection that will provide researchers with valuable information on seismic activity in this region of West Hawaii, Janiszewski said.
“Because this represents something of a gap in the permanent network maintained by HVO, it also represents an opportunity to obtain some of the first-ever dense, high-resolution seismic data in a region of the Hawaiian Islands that has not been studied much,” she said. “Earthquake response is clearly the main driver here, but we will certainly also be looking for more general types of structural information for an area that has not yet been studied.”
Thomas Lee, a professor of geology at the University of Hilo, was also involved in the project and helped coordinate the deployment of the sensors. He said he hopes the data collected will improve understanding of earthquakes on the islands and help communities better prepare for them.
“We can’t predict earthquakes. We can’t tell you, ‘Okay, it’s going to be five-and-a-half magnitude three months from now,’ but we do our best to predict it, meaning this is the percentage chance that you’ll experience this amount of shaking in this place in the next 20 years,” he added.
“The better information we have, the better we can make things like our building codes and our preparations that go into various things like civil defense warnings, to let emergency managers, the fire department and all the other stakeholders know what to expect.”
Email Grace Inez Adams at [email protected].
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