Space lasers show how Venezuela’s earthquakes have reshaped the Earth’s crust

The European Space Agency has released a satellite image showing the disturbances left by the two earthquakes that rocked Venezuela last week.

The image was created using observations from the Sentinel-1 satellite, which is part of Europe’s Copernicus programme. These satellites do not take conventional images; Instead, they use their radar to “illuminate” the Earth’s surface and record the time it takes for the signal to return to the sensor. By comparing two measurements of the same location taken on different dates, scientists can determine whether the Earth has moved, even when that shift is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

To create the map, scientists compared an observation taken on June 18 — one week before the quakes occurred — with another observation taken on June 25, the day after a pair of earthquakes that measured 7.2 and 7.5, respectively. This comparison allowed them to construct what is known as an interferogram that reveals how much the Earth was distorted after the event.

This satellite image shows the area around Caracas, Venezuela, which was struck by a double earthquake on Wednesday, June 24.

Illustration provided by Copernicus Sentinel/ESA

What stands out in the map are the repeating colored bands that form horizontal rows in the north, ESA explains. Each complete repetition of the sequence – blue, green, yellow, red and blue again – represents a constant increase in change in the distance between the satellite and Earth. The more complete cycles that appear between one area and another, the greater the cumulative ground displacement.

The banding pattern observed in the northern part of the map corresponds to the area at the epicenter of the earthquakes, which is also where the main deformation occurred. These ranges roughly follow the path of the San Sebastian Fault System, one of the major tectonic structures in northern Venezuela. The European Space Agency estimates that displacement in the area was on the order of 30 cm (12 in).

Rescue teams continue to search for victims and work through collapsed buildings in the wake of the earthquake that struck Venezuela and other areas in the Caribbean. June 28, 2026. Caraballeda, La Guaira.

Photography: Jesus Vargas/Getty Images

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