The swarm of earthquakes continues near the summit of Kilauea

(BIVN) – The earthquake swarm continued near the summit of Klauea volcano on Saturday morning.

The site of shallow seismic activity lies below the northeastern end of the Ka’ōiki fault system, about one mile west of the Nāmakanipaio Campground, on the north side of Highway 11 within the boundaries of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.

Yesterday, scientists said earthquakes occur in a mass about 1 mile wide and 1 to 3 miles below the surface.

The largest of the earthquakes in the swarm was a magnitude of 3.5 which shook at 5:08 AM this morning.

Kīlauea does not burst. USGS says the alert level remains at GREEN / NORMAL, and stated that there is no significant risk of shallow earthquakes.

“The gathering of shallow earthquakes in this region does not mean that an eruption is imminent,” USGS HVO said in a media statement released on Friday. “HVO has recorded shallow earthquakes in this region for several decades across several volcanic cycles in both Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. Other monitoring data streams for Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, including ground and gas deformation and images, show no signs of increased activity.”

The information release pointed to a Volcano Watch article from 2012, Why do earthquake swarms occur around the Ka’iki Pali? From the article:

Ka’ōiki Pali is one of a series of sub-faults that extend from the area west of Nāmakanipaio Campground all the way to Honu’apo. These faults, which make up the Ka’iki-Honu’apo fault system, likely originated by descending the southeast flank of Mauna Loa prior to the construction of Kīlauea (or on it). You can see the surface expression of these faults in the graded terrain only mauka of Highway 11 between the summit of Kīlauea and Pāhala.

But the fact that the steps are covered with an unbroken lava flow that is 9,000 years old shows that if these faults are still active in depth, their movements are too small to rupture the surface despite the earthquakes centered there. This was confirmed in 2012 by the absence of any shift in the Earth’s surface in response to recent earthquakes.

The entire southeast flank of Mauna Loa often hosts earthquakes in response to pressure and expansion between two very active volcanoes. HVO records show four damaging earthquakes in this region between 1941 and 1983, but none since. Earthquakes in 1974 and 1983 are thought to have enabled the eruption of Mauna Loa in 1975 and 1984.

The faults and cracks in the area between Mauna Loa and Kīlauea tell multiple stories about the sense of movement. First, the fault system itself consists of “natural faults”, indicating a downward movement of the southeast (Kīlauea) side of each fault, relative to its northwest side (Mauna Loa) during subsidence. It is similar to Hilina and Hōlei Pali on the south side of Kīlauea. Away from Mauna Loa, near the epicenters of the earthquakes in 1974 and 1983, the Earth’s surface is cracked by a “blow slip” method, indicating a lateral differential movement of the surface parallel to the Ka’ōiki Pali. Although the shock slip and natural faults are visible on the surface, the pattern of ground shaking during the largest earthquakes indicates that it was initiated by another mechanism – the deep slip at the base of Mauna Loa, where it lies on the bottom of the ancient ocean.

The faults in the southern part of the island of Hawaii are subject to forces arising from the movement of magma and forces arising from the gravitational collapse of its volcanoes. The earthquake swarms on the Ka’ōiki Pali may not be directly related to the movement of subsurface magma but may be related to changes in pressure within the K maglauea magma system.

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