Scientists uncover evidence of an ancient tsunami in Israel

Geobrop drilling rig for sediment core extraction with tsunami evidence from South Bay, Tel Dor, Israel. (Photo by Te Levi)

(CN) – Nine thousand years ago, the 150-foot Mediterranean tsunami swept through the area where the ancient settlement of Tel Dor in northwest Israel would be built at a later time.

A study published today in the journal PLOS ONE describes large early Holocene tsunami deposits between 9,910 to 9,290 years ago in the coastal sediments of Tel Dor, Tel Dor Nautical occupied from the Second Middle Bronze period during times of the Crusades.

The ancient wave appears to have traveled up to two miles inland, depositing marine shells and sand across the freshwater wetlands. Although tsunamis are not uncommon along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea they occur once every decade or so, most travel only about 1,000 feet inland, less than a quarter of a mile.

Local tsunamis tend to be triggered by earthquakes in the Dead Sea fault system and undersea landslides. The study authors note that an earthquake from the same time period was already identified using cave damage in the nearby Carmel mountain range, indicating that this specific earthquake may have triggered an underwater landslide that triggered a tsunami at Tel Dor.

By taking into account the pattern of Bronze-period settlements in the surrounding area, the study authors suggest that the tsunami wiped out one or several Neolithic settlements and created a 4,000-year gap in the archaeological record of the area.

To conduct their analysis, study authors Gilad Steinberg, Richard Norris and Thomas Levy of the Scripps Center for Marine Archeology at the University of California, San Diego, and colleagues from Utah State University and the University of Haifa used photogrammetric remote sensing techniques to create a digital model of the Tel Dor site, combined with underwater exploration and drilling of underground wells. At a depth of 29.5 feet.

Our project focuses on rebuilding the ancient climate and environmental change over the past 12,000 years along the Israeli coast; We never dreamed of finding evidence of a prehistoric tsunami in Israel, said Steinberg, a postdoctoral student at the Scripps Center for Marine Archeology who studies sediment samples. Scientists know that at the beginning of the Neolithic period, about 10,000 years ago, the seashore was 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from where it is now. When we cut cores in San Diego and started seeing a marine cochlear layer embedded in the dry Neolithic landscape, we knew we’d hit the jackpot.

In comparison, the deadly and devastating 2011 tsunami that swept parts of Japan was about 130 feet, although its exact height may never be known since the earthquake that caused the tsunami and the tsunami itself destroyed tide gauges and led to communications failures along the coast.

The largest tsunami in recorded history struck Lituya Bay in southeast Alaska on July 9, 1958. The wave, which was recorded at an impressive altitude of 1,720 feet, did not cause much damage because it struck in a secluded and unique location.

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