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Earthquakes in Taiwan are linked to seasonal changes in water levels

Earthquakes in Taiwan are linked to seasonal changes in water levels

 


Written by Donna Low

A building damaged by an earthquake in eastern Taiwan in 2018

Richie B Tongo / Iba-Effie / Shutterstock

Earthquakes in Taiwan may be related to seasonal changes in the water cycle, driven by the Asian monsoons.

Taiwan has a high frequency of damaging earthquakes and a wide variation in the amount of rain and water stored in the ground, as a result of the torrential rains and typhoons that swept the island between May and September.

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Ya-Ju Hsu of Academia Sinica in Taiwan and colleagues analyzed earthquake data in western and eastern Taiwan, and found an association between seismic activity and fluctuations in the water cycle.

Hsu first noticed that many earthquakes of magnitude 6 or more occurred during the dry season in Taiwan between February and April.

She and her colleagues analyzed seismic data between 2002 and 2018, as well as groundwater measurements from 40 monitoring stations and data on how the Earth’s crust is changing in response to seasonal water loading.

They found that seismic activity in western Taiwan was highest in the dry season and lowest between July and September, at the end of the monsoon season.

“In the dry season, we see more earthquakes due to the removal of the water load,” says Hsu. The researchers found that this decrease in groundwater led to a peak crust recoil even when it was under low pressure.

Eastern Taiwan had a more complex pattern of seismic activity. There, deep earthquakes tend to occur more frequently between December to February.

Shallow earthquakes have also been linked to changes in groundwater level and changes in the crust, but there was greater variation in their timing.

The researchers also looked at records between 1604 and 2018 of 63 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater, and found similar trends in seasonal variation in seismic activity.

Hsu says the large amount of seismic activity during the dry season may increase the chances of rupture of a larger fault system, leading to more large earthquakes in the dry season.

Journal reference: Science Advances, DOI: 10.1126 / sciadv.abf7282

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