The world’s longest earthquake lasted 32 years – possibly killing thousands of people | Science | News

Researchers from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have identified the longest known earthquake in the world. The so-called “slow slide event” likely began off the coast of Sumatra in 1829, before culminating in a major disaster 32 years later. A paper published in Nature Geoscience found a link between the decades-long event and a powerful 8.5-magnitude earthquake in 1861.

An earthquake in 1861 erupted along the Giant Sundra River – a fault line east of Sumatra – and caused a devastating tsunami.

A tsunami is believed to have struck more than 300 miles (500 km) off the coast, killing several thousand people.

The tremors were felt in as far away as Malaysia, and the aftershocks continued to shake the region for another seven months.

By identifying a potential source of the disaster, scientists want to help spot dangerous earthquakes in the future.

Read more: Hawaiian volcano warning: Earthquake hits beneath Kīlauea volcano

According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), slow slip events are sometimes known as “slow earthquakes.”

Tremors begin when a fault line begins to slip – as it would in a normal earthquake – but at a slow pace.

Earthquakes can take several days to finish, instead of seconds, but the new study shows they can last longer.

Slow-slide events are often recorded at Kilauea, which is the most active of the five volcanoes that make up the Big Island of Hawaii.

The US Geological Survey said: “However, slow earthquakes do not produce any seismic waves and thus do not cause any of the destructive vibrations of a regular earthquake.

The reef observed near Simeulue appears to show a repeated history of movement along the rift between 1738 and 1861.

For about 90 years, coral has shown that the Earth is dropping at a very steady rate from about 1 to 2 millimeters per year.

Sometime around 1982, a sudden change in seismic activity caused the corals to sink at a rate seven times faster – a slow slide occurred.

But that all changed in 1861 as a large earthquake caused the sinking to change again.

The slow slide event may be a catalyst or trigger for an 8.5-magnitude earthquake.

Rishav Malik, PhD student and lead author of the study, told Scientific American that the earthquakes may have created some tension along one part of the rift but put more pressure on another.

He said, “It’s like a bunch of springs. If one of them releases, the others must bear that load.”

According to the US Geological Survey, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake in Anchorage, Alaska, could be caused by a combination of seismic events, including a slow slide event.

In a paper published in Geophysical Research Letters, the study authors write: “Earthquake was encouraged by a build-up of stress caused by a slow slide on the surface between the plate and the North American plate.

“Slow slip events also more than doubled the M3 earthquake rate at Cook Inlet beginning in the 1990s.”

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