Health
This personalized Crispr therapy is designed to attack tumors
new As a step for Crispr, scientists used gene-editing tools to make individualized changes to cancer patients’ immune cells, making them stronger against tumors. In a small study published today, journal Naturea US team showed that this approach was viable and safe, although it was successful in only a handful of patients.
Cancer occurs when cells acquire genetic mutations and divide uncontrollably. All cancers are caused by a unique set of mutations, and each person has immune cells with receptors that can recognize these mutations and distinguish cancer cells from normal cells. However, patients often do not have enough immune cells with these receptors to mount an effective response against cancer. They identified the patient’s receptors, inserted them into the lacking immune cells, and expanded these modified cells further. Enhanced immune cells were then released into each patient’s bloodstream to attack the tumor.
“What we’re trying to do is really take advantage of the tumor-specific mutations in every patient,” said Stefanie Mandl, chief scientific officer at Pact Pharma and author of the study. increase. The company collaborated with experts from the University of California, Los Angeles, Caltech, and the nonprofit Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle to design personalized treatments.
The researchers started by isolating T cells from the blood of 16 patients with solid cancers, including colon, breast, or lung cancer. (T cells are the components of the immune system that have these receptors.) For each patient, they identified dozens of receptors that could bind to cancer cells taken from their tumors. The team selected up to three receptors per patient and used Crispr to add the genes for these receptors to the patient’s T cells in the lab.
The scientists grew the edited cells further, enough to make up what they expected to be a therapeutic dose. injected into each of the volunteers. Edited T cells migrated and infiltrated the tumor.
In six of the patients, the treatment stopped tumor growth. The remaining 11 of her had advanced cancer. Two had side effects associated with her T-cell therapy edited. One had fever and chills and one of hers had confusion. All participants in the trial expected side effects from chemotherapy.
Mandl suspects that the patients’ cancer was already very advanced when they entered the trial, which may have limited their response to treatment. Subsequent tests also revealed that some of the receptors the team had selected were able to find tumors, but had no strong anti-cancer effects.
Bruce Levine, a professor of cancer gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania, says the ability to rapidly identify patient-specific cancer receptors and use them to create tailored treatments is impressive. Choosing the right one that actually kills cancer cells will be a challenge. “The fact that these he can get T cells into the tumor is one thing he does. But if they get there and do nothing, it’s disappointing,” he says.
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