Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Anderson F. Brito, Chaney C. Kalinich & Nathan D. Grubaugh
All Health Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Anderson F. Brito & Esther C. Sabino
Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Elizaveta Semenova & Seth Flaxman
Biotechnology Institute, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Zitis Dudas
Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen College of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Gabriel W. Hassler & Mark A. Schard
Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Chaney C. Kalinich
Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Moritz UG Kraemer, Lucy E. Matkin, Oliver G. Pybus, Christopher Dye & Nuno R. Faria
GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
Gunter Bach, Mark B. Schultz, Lee Hong Chu, Meera Maheja, Priscilla Bourne, Gabriela Calegario, Sofia Romano, Juan Finero, Amadou Diallo, Rafael TC Lee, Ya Ni. Shu, Gunther Bach, Mark B. Schulz, Winston Yeo, Beautifultilvaipati, Shilpa Yadahari, Ben Blanda, Celine Gurry, Sebastian Maurer-Straw
Bioinformatics Institute & ID Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
Joses Ho & Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Houriiyah Tegally, Eduan Wilkinson, Arash Iranzadeh, Jennifer Giandhari, Deelan Doolabh, Sureshnee Pillay, Upasana Ramphal, James E. San, Nokukhanya Msomi, Koleka Mlisana, Anne von Gottberg, Sibongile Walaza, Arshad Ismail, Thabo Mohale, Susan Engel Vanbrecht, Gert Jill, Wolfgang Preiser, Alex Segal, Diana Hardy, Gerd Murray, Marvin Shao, Stephen Korsman, Mary Ann Davis, Lynn Tyers, Innocent Mudau, Dennis York, Caroline Maslo, Dominique Godar, Shareef Abrahams, Olwakemi Ragda-Akimba, Arghavan Alisoltani-Dehkordi, Adam Godzik, Constantinos K. Wibmer, Darren Martin, Richard J. Lessells, Jinal N. Bhiman, Carolyn Williamson, Tulio de Oliveira & Tulio de Oliveira
Center for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Houriiyah Tegally, Tullio de Oliveira & Tullio de Oliveira
KEMRI – Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
George Gisinzi & Charles N. Agoti
Faculty of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Puwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
George Gisinzi
Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
Charles N. Agoti
MRC Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Charles Whittaker, Nuno R. Faria, Samir Bhatt & Nuno R. Faria
The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Charles Whittaker, Samir Bhatt & Nuno R. Faria
Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Amy Jennison, Lex Leong, David Speers, Rob Baird, Louise Cooley, Karina Kennedy, Joep de Ligt, William Rawlinson, Sebastiaan van Hal, Deborah Williamson & Benjamin P. Howden
Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Vitaly Shinchenko
Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW, Australia
Vitaly Shinchenko
Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
Neta S. Zuckerman & Ohna Mo
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Laboratories, Lansing, Michigan, USA
Heather M. Blankenship
South African AIDS Research Program Center (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
Tullio de Oliveira & Tullio de Oliveira
University of Washington School of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
Tullio de Oliveira & Tullio de Oliveira
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
Raymond TP Lin & Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
Respiratory Virus and Measles Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Fernando Motta, Marilda Mendonza Siqueira and Paola Cristina Resende
Bioinformatics Institute, National Institute of Scientific Computing, Petropolis, Brazil
Ana Teresa R. Vasconcelos
Viber University, Institute of Health Sciences, Novo Hamburg, RS, Brazil
Fernando R. Spirchi
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute for Integrative Biology
Renato Santana Aguiar
D’Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Renato Santana Aguiar
National Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
Todor Kantardjiev, Nelly Korsun, Savina Stoitsova, Reneta Dimitrova, Ivelina Trifonova, Veselin Dobrinov, Lubomira Grigorova, Ivan Stoykov, Iliana Grigorova, Anna Gancheva, Ivailo Alexiev, Ivan N. Ivanov & Ivva Philipova
Department of Preclinical Science, School of Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
Vernie Ramkisoon, Arianne Brown-Jordan, Anushka Ramjag, Nicholas Mohammed, Jerome E. Foster, Christine VF Carrington & Nikita SD Sahadeo
Health Emergency Program, World Health Organization Regional Office for Southeast Asia, New Delhi, India
Damari Naidu
Groningen, The Netherlands, University of Groningen, Medical Center of the University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
Karin J. von Aye
Emerging Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases Unit, Health Emergency Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Karin J. von Eije, Mark D. Perkins & Maria van Kerkhove
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead, UK
Oliver G. Pybus, Sarah C. Hill & Oliver G. Pybus
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Esther C. Sabino & Nuno R. Faria
Epidemiology Section, Faculty of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Sameer Bat
Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
Mark A. Schard
Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Mark A. Schard
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Nathan D. Grubeau
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Guy Bale
Caribbean Public Health Service, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Lisha Singh, Sumin Nathaniel-Gardery, Lisa Edgehill, Lisa Inder, Joy St. John & Gabriel Gonzalez Escobar
Department of Health and Social Development, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
Irad Potter
Ministry of Health and Social Services, Blaise, Montserrat
Shara Greenaway-Dubury
Department of Health, Bridgetown, Barbados
Kenneth George
Ministry of Health, Castries, St. Lucia
Sharon Belmer-George
Department of Health, Georgetown, Cayman Islands
John Lee
Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica
Jacqueline Visather Mackenzie
Turks and Caicos Islands, Cockburn Town, Ministry of Health, Agriculture, Sports and Social Welfare
Nadia Astwood
Department of Health, St. John’s, Antigua, Barbuda
Rhonda Seeley-Thomas
Department of Health, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
hazel lowes
Department of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
Narin Singh
Department of Health, Hamilton, Bermuda
Ayora Oyinloie
Department of Health, Nassau, Bahamas
Pearl Macmillan
Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Avery Hinds, Naresh Nandram, Roshan Parasram & Zobida Khan-Mohammed
Ministry of Health, St. George’s, Grenada
Sean Charles
Ministry of Health, The Valley, Anguilla
Aisha Andrewin
Ministry of Health, Wellness and New Health Investments, Roseau, Dominica
David Johnson
Department of Health, Wellness and Environment, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Simone Kaiser Beach
Trinidad and Tobago University of St. Augustine West Indies School of Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine
Chris Oura
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oliver G. Pybus & Nuno R. Faria
Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Mark Steger
Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Mads Albertsen, Anders Fomsgaard & Morten Rasmussen
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Ricardo Couri & Tiago Graf
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, AM, Brazil
Felipe Naveca
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Eusebio, CE, Brazil
Miyajima Fabio
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
Gabriel Wallau
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Chaoran Chen, Sarah Nadeau, Louis du Plessis, Niko Beerenwinkel, Ivan Topolsky, Philipp Jablonski, Lara Fuhrmann, David Dreifuss, Katharina Jahn, Pedro Ferreira, Susana Posada-Céspedes, Christian Beisel, Rebecca Denes, Mirjam Feldkamp, Ina Nissen, Natasha Santa Croce , Elodie Bergren, Catherine Aquino, Andrea Cabral de Gouvea, Maria Domenica Moccia, Simon Gulter, Timothy Sykes, Renato Opitz, Griffin White, Laura Neff, Doris Popovich, Andrea Patrignani, Jay Tracy, Ralf Schlappbach & Tanja Stadler
Violler AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
Christiane Beckmann, Maurice Redondo, Olivier Kobel, Christoph Noppen, Sophie Seidel & Noemie Santamaria de Souza
Health 2030 Genome Center, Geneva, Switzerland
Emmanouil Dermitzakis, Keith Harshman, Ioannis Xenarios, Henri Pegeot, Lorenzo Cerutti & Deborah Penet
Concepts: AFB, NDG, GB, and NRF. Data Acquisition: SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Group in Bulgaria, Communicable Diseases Genomics Network (Australia and New Zealand), COVID-19 Impact Project, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium, Fiocruz COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Network, GISAID Core Curation Team , Network South African Genome Surveillance (NGS-SA), Swiss SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Consortium, GG, CNA, RTPL, MMS, PCR, CVFC, NSDS, SMS. Analysis: AFB, ES, GD, GWH, CCK, JH, SMS, SB, SF, MAS, and GB. Interpretation: AFB, ES, GD, GWH, MUGK, JH, HT, GG, CNA, TdO, RTPL, SMS, SCH, OGP, CD, SB, SF, NDG, GB, and NRF. Drafting: AFB, ES, GD, CCK, GB, NRF. Revision: AFB, ES, GD, GWH, MUGK, JH, HT, GG, CNA, LEM, CW, BPH, VS, NSZ, OM, HMB, TdO, RTPL, MMS, PCR, ATRV, FRS, RSA, IA, INI, IP, CVFC, NSDS, BB, CG, SMS, DN, KvEMP, MvK, SCH, ECS, OGP, CD, MAS, NDG, GB, NRF. Funding: NDG and NRF
