Health
Stranded dolphins show Alzheimer’s-like changes in their brains
Brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease in humans have been observed in stranded dolphin brains, according to a new study. study Published in European Journal of Neuroscience.
Determining Possible Causes of Stranding Events
Cetaceans such as whales, dolphins and porpoises are regularly spotted confined to beaches and shallow waters around the UK coastline. Despite the best efforts of rescuers and professionals, not all stranded animals can be saved and some will inevitably die.
However, it remains unclear why live stranding events of individuals or entire groups (pods) of these organisms occur. In collaboration with the Universities of Glasgow, St Andrews and Edinburgh and the Moredan Institute, researchers examined the brains of 22 toothed whales stranded in Scottish coastal waters.
Individuals of five separate species of elephant pilot, irrigated pilot, beluga, porpoise and bottlenose dolphin found stranded were selected for study. Brain pathological changes associated with human Alzheimer’s disease, including amyloid-β plaques, accumulation of phosphorylated tau, and gliosis (a change in the number of glial cells in response to injury), were detected in at least four individuals from different species. .
Of note, three of the animals (each from a different species) were found to have accumulation of amyloid beta plaques, in addition to many other dementia-related features. However, it is unknown whether these animals experienced any of the cognitive changes observed in Alzheimer’s disease in humans.
Evidence for the “disease leader” theory
Dr. Mark DaglishThe lead author of the study and Senior Clinician in Anatomic Pathology at the University of Glasgow, explains: Alzheimer’s disease. At this stage, the presence of these brain lesions in ivory animals is tempting to speculate that they may also suffer from cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer’s disease in humans, but what is happening to these animals? Further research is needed to better understand the
The authors of the study suggest that this may support the “disease leader” theory. The theory is that a disoriented or disorientated, unhealthy individual could lead the next member of the pod into dangerously shallow waters, causing a live stranding event. Further work is needed to determine whether pathological changes actually contribute to the accidental strandings of these marine mammals.
reference: Vacher MC, Durrant CS, Rose J, et al. Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathology in three species of marine dolphins. EUR. J. Neurosai2022. Doi: 10.1111/ejn.15900
This article Press release Published by the University of Glasgow. The length and content of the material have been redacted.
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