How does your diet affect your gut flora?

Diet plays a large role in the composition of the microbiome. This varies considerably between vegetarian and predominantly carnivorous communities and individuals. cause change.

Such alterations lead to alterations in host metabolism and immune response pathways, ultimately impacting human health. GMB is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple disease states, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, in addition to inflammatory bowel disease.

Human GMB is Firmicutes and bacteroidesThe former is Gram-positive, the latter is Gram-negative. There are different enterotypes, or categories of microbiota, each enriched with a specific bacterial genus. These are determined based on the ratio of specific genera or the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria to facultative anaerobes.

The characteristics of the three enterotypes are:

• expensive bacteroides-ni-Prevotella Ratio – Western food
• expensive Prevotella-ni-bacteroides Ratio – plant-based diet
• slight increase Firmicutesin particular Ruminococcus – Long-term consumption of fruits and vegetables, increased irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Some important GMB functions include biosynthesis of vitamins and essential amino acids, and important metabolites from undigested human dietary factors. These include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate. They are an important energy source for the intestinal epithelium and maintain the mucosal barrier.

A drastic change in diet can dramatically change the composition of GMB in just one day. However, once the new diet is discontinued, the pattern he reverts to within 48 hours.

An increase in fat or sugar in the diet tends to disrupt circadian rhythms. Again, severe systemic inflammation or stress can trigger acute changes within 24 hours.

Over the long term, immigrants to the United States have a four-fold higher risk of obesity and lower obesity rates. Prevotella (fiber decomposition) ~ bacteroides This change is directly proportional to the length of time since immigration.

Protein and GMB

Increased protein consumption is associated with increased microbial diversity.Consumption of plant and light animal proteins, such as legumes and whey, leads to increased symbiosis such as bifidobacteria (butyric acid production) and Lactic acid bacteriaAdditionally, whey reduces pathogens such as Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringenslegumes promote the production of SCFAs.

Due to the large amount of beef and other animal proteins in the diet, GMB is rich in anaerobic bacteria such as: bacteroides, Aristipes Bilophila and Clostridiumbut lower bifidobacteriacompared to strict vegetarians.

A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet Roseburia and rectal eubacteria It is low.low E. rectum Seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These findings may explain the association between high animal protein intake and increased risk of IBD.

CVD risk is also increased by the atherogenic molecule trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO correlates with several types of bacteria found at high levels in meat eaters.

fat and microbiome

Western diets are typically high in saturated and trans fats, while heart-healthy diets are low in both and contain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. A high fat content in the diet increases the amount of anaerobic bacteria, bacteroides, Clostridium, and Enterobacteriaceaeleading to more propionate and acetate production, but less Intestinal lactic acid bacteriaThe latter is negatively associated with weight gain in rats.

Saturated fat is more abundant Faecalibacterium prausnitziiConversely, low-fat diets increase bifidobacteria Lowers fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol levels. These fat-related changes are also associated with metabolic inflammation and insulin sensitivity.

Why is the gut microbiota important?play