T cells show immunity against various bacteria

Australian scientists have investigated a group of bacterial pathogens that share protein sequences recognized by human T cells.

In a study at Monash University in Australia, diverse bacterial pathogensincluding Streptococcus pneumoniae, they all share highly conserved small protein sequences that are presented and recognized by human T cells in a conserved population-wide manner.

generally, T cells Parts of the immune system respond to specific functions (antigens) of microorganisms, thereby generating protective immunity.as reported in immunityresearchers have found an exception to this rule.

This study aims to understand the immune mechanisms that protect against pneumococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae can harmlessly reside in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, but it can also cause infections ranging from middle ear and sinus infections to pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive bloodstream infections. .

Most pneumococcal polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines (PCV) in current use are effective against 10–13 serotypes, but increasing serotype displacement is a problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.6 million people die each year from pneumococcal infections. Among them are his 700,000 to her 1 million children under the age of five, most of whom live in developing countries.

Research jointly led by the Monash Institute for Biomedical Discovery, in collaboration with the National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Utrecht University in the Netherlands and Cardiff University in the UK, identifies key fragments of the pneumococcal toxin Pneumolysin Did. It is presented by a specific class of human antigen-presenting molecules and recognized by her T cells in most people who naturally develop specific immunity to pneumococcal proteins.

We found that a uniformly presented and widely recognized bacterial protein fragment was not unique to pneumococcal pneumolysin but shared by a large family of bacterial so-called cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs). rice field.These are generated by diverse bacterial pathogens It primarily affects humans and causes a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or vaginal infections.

Pneumococci are in the background, and arrays of macrophages and dendritic cells are arranged around a central image of T cells. Rows of TCRs interacting with identified pneumolysin epitopes bound to HLA (white) traverse the length and breadth of the artwork, highlighting their centrality in the immune response.
(Credit: Dr. Erica Tandori)

Lead author Lisa Ciacchi, Ph.D., said, “The use of the National Synchrotron demonstrates how T-cell receptors recognize these conserved antigens when presented by common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. It was the key to providing molecular insight into the

Co-author Dr. Martijn van de Garde explains: Whether T cells have cross-protection or anti-inflammatory tolerance functions remains to be investigated.

Co-author Dr. Christine Ruddell said: “It is very exciting to identify T cells that recognize ubiquitous bacterial motifs using T cell receptors shared among individuals with common HLA. Reagents generated for this study” could be used to study patient groups to determine how prevalent these shared TCRs are and how they relate to immune protection.

Continued research may direct the development of interventions to help people more effectively resist or eliminate CDC-related bacterial diseases.

What Are The Main Benefits Of Comparing Car Insurance Quotes Online

LOS ANGELES, CA / ACCESSWIRE / June 24, 2020, / Compare-autoinsurance.Org has launched a new blog post that presents the main benefits of comparing multiple car insurance quotes. For more info and free online quotes, please visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/the-advantages-of-comparing-prices-with-car-insurance-quotes-online/ The modern society has numerous technological advantages. One important advantage is the speed at which information is sent and received. With the help of the internet, the shopping habits of many persons have drastically changed. The car insurance industry hasn't remained untouched by these changes. On the internet, drivers can compare insurance prices and find out which sellers have the best offers. View photos The advantages of comparing online car insurance quotes are the following: Online quotes can be obtained from anywhere and at any time. Unlike physical insurance agencies, websites don't have a specific schedule and they are available at any time. Drivers that have busy working schedules, can compare quotes from anywhere and at any time, even at midnight. Multiple choices. Almost all insurance providers, no matter if they are well-known brands or just local insurers, have an online presence. Online quotes will allow policyholders the chance to discover multiple insurance companies and check their prices. Drivers are no longer required to get quotes from just a few known insurance companies. Also, local and regional insurers can provide lower insurance rates for the same services. Accurate insurance estimates. Online quotes can only be accurate if the customers provide accurate and real info about their car models and driving history. Lying about past driving incidents can make the price estimates to be lower, but when dealing with an insurance company lying to them is useless. Usually, insurance companies will do research about a potential customer before granting him coverage. Online quotes can be sorted easily. Although drivers are recommended to not choose a policy just based on its price, drivers can easily sort quotes by insurance price. Using brokerage websites will allow drivers to get quotes from multiple insurers, thus making the comparison faster and easier. For additional info, money-saving tips, and free car insurance quotes, visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ Compare-autoinsurance.Org is an online provider of life, home, health, and auto insurance quotes. This website is unique because it does not simply stick to one kind of insurance provider, but brings the clients the best deals from many different online insurance carriers. In this way, clients have access to offers from multiple carriers all in one place: this website. On this site, customers have access to quotes for insurance plans from various agencies, such as local or nationwide agencies, brand names insurance companies, etc. "Online quotes can easily help drivers obtain better car insurance deals. All they have to do is to complete an online form with accurate and real info, then compare prices", said Russell Rabichev, Marketing Director of Internet Marketing Company. CONTACT: Company Name: Internet Marketing CompanyPerson for contact Name: Gurgu CPhone Number: (818) 359-3898Email: [email protected]: https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ SOURCE: Compare-autoinsurance.Org View source version on accesswire.Com:https://www.Accesswire.Com/595055/What-Are-The-Main-Benefits-Of-Comparing-Car-Insurance-Quotes-Online View photos