Health
The protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines declines rapidly among older people, requiring booster shots: NUS study
SINGAPORE – Elderly people should consider getting regular booster shots of the latest coronavirus vaccines, according to a recently published study by local researchers.
This is because people over 65 have fewer immune cells, so protection from the first two shots declines more quickly.
The study was led by Dr. Vanda Ho, a PhD student in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program at the NUS Yong Loo Lin Faculty of Medicine.
There were 29 participants, 14 of whom were between 66 and 82 years old, and the rest were young people between 25 and 39 years old. They have all received two doses of Pfizer's mRNA coronavirus vaccine.
The research results were published in the peer-reviewed journal Aging Cell in February.
“Although neutralization increased significantly after the second dose in older adults, this was still lower than in younger adults, even though the former was more potent,” Dr Ho said.
Therefore, it is important for older adults to receive regular booster vaccinations to protect themselves, she noted.
mRNA vaccines work by introducing a small piece of a protein found within a virus, allowing cells to produce viral proteins. The immune system recognizes the protein as foreign and produces antibodies to protect the body from infection.
The immune system is triggered by the vaccine and produces neutralizing antibodies in response to the viruses and bacteria in the vaccine. As a result, your system will naturally recognize and fight the infection when you are later exposed to the disease.
Dr. Ho, a geriatrician at a national university hospital, often sees elderly people entering the ward with infectious diseases for the first time.
“Unfortunately, after an initial infection, there is a tendency for patients to be readmitted for additional infections. I have seen the same patients decline both functionally and cognitively due to the initial infection.
“That sparked my interest. I thought maybe if we could prevent the infection or at least reduce the side effects, we could extend their healthy lifespan,” she told The Straits Times. told.
She added that just as she was thinking of conducting research on this topic as part of her doctoral research, “the COVID-19 pandemic happened, which turned out to be a blessing in disguise.''
“It was a great opportunity to take advantage of that,” she said.
“Everyone in the world received the same immune stimulus, the COVID-19 vaccination. Before that, older people and younger people received different vaccinations. gave us the best opportunity to study whether older and younger adults respond in the same way.
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