Health
Scientists develop new vaccine strategy that can fight any virus strain
Researchers have developed a new vaccine approach using RNA (ribonucleic acid) that targets any virus strain, providing safety to vulnerable groups such as infants and people with weakened immune systems.
Every year, scientists work to predict which influenza strains will be prevalent during the next flu season and develop the latest vaccines.
Similarly, coronavirus vaccines are tailored to deal with subvariants of circulating strains.
This innovative strategy eliminates the need for multiple vaccines by targeting common viral genomic regions.
Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesdeveloped by researchers at the University of California, Riverside, has shown promising results in mice.
“This vaccine is broad-spectrum, effective against all virus variants, and safe for a diverse population,” said Ron Haigh, a UCR virologist and study author.
Traditionally, vaccines contain killed or modified live viruses. The body's immune system recognizes the proteins within the virus and mounts an immune response.
This reaction produces T cells that attack the virus and stop it from spreading. It also produces “memory” B cells that train the immune system to protect against future attacks.
Unlike traditional vaccines, this vaccine does not rely on a typical immune response. Instead, it uses small RNA molecules to provide protection even to people with underdeveloped or weakened immune systems.
“Our approach triggers the body's RNAi response, weakening the virus,” explained lead author Shouwei Ding. Tests in mice showed that a single vaccination provided protection for at least 90 days.
Importantly, it was also effective in newborn mice, suggesting it may also be effective in infants. The University of California, Riverside has received a US patent for his RNAi vaccine technology.
The researchers aim to apply this strategy to developing a flu vaccine, perhaps in the form of a nasal spray to make it easier to administer.
They believe this approach minimizes the risk of viral mutation evasion and paves the way for universal vaccines against a variety of pathogens.
“This strategy can be applied to target a large number of viruses and provide a single vaccine solution,” Ding concluded.
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