Health
How do plant-based foods reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes?
Top line:
A high intake of lignans (found in plant foods such as seeds, whole grains, some fruits and vegetables, coffee, tea, and cocoa) has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in obese people and premenopausal women.
Methodology:
- Lignans, polyphenolic compounds abundant in plant foods, are the primary source of phytoestrogens in the Western diet and are associated with a reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease, but the relative associations of individual lignans with type 2 diabetes are unknown.
- Using data from 201,111 participants (mean age 44.7 years; 80.2% women; 96.7% white) from three large U.S. prospective cohorts with more than 30 years of follow-up, the researchers evaluated the association between risk of type 2 diabetes and intake of total lignans and the four major lignans, as well as the association between lignan intake and A1c in 496 participants from the Male Lifestyle Validation Study (MLVS).
- In three large cohorts, lignan intake (total, secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol) was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire updated every 2-4 years and categorized into quintiles. In the MLVS, diet was assessed by two sets of 7-day food records and presented as percentage change in A1c for each linear increase in lignan intake.
- Incident T2D was confirmed using diagnostic tests, symptoms, hypoglycemic medications, and elevated blood glucose levels by several measures.
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- Across the three cohorts, 20,291 T2D cases were recorded with complete follow-up.
- Higher intakes of total and individual ligands, except for lariciresinol, were associated with an approximately 8% to 27% reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes (approximate hazard ratios[HRs] [HR]0.72-0.93)
- Among individual lignans, secoisolariciresinol (excluding other lignans) showed a significant inverse association with risk of type 2 diabetes in those with BMI ≥ 30 (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.71-0.79) and in premenopausal women (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.65-0.69).
- Dietary intake of lignans, assessed using 7-day food records in the MLVS, was associated with lower A1c levels (percentage changes ranged from -0.92% to -1.50%).
Exercise:
“Our findings highlight the importance of a healthy plant-based diet rich in lignan-containing foods, such as flaxseed products, whole grains, and coffee, for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes,” the authors write.
sauce:
The study was led by Siyue Wang, PhD, of the Department of Nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston and the School of Public Health at Peking University in Beijing, China. Publish online in JAMA Network Open.
Limitations:
Limitations of this study include the possibility of measurement error in the dietary assessment. Flaxseed, the most concentrated source of lignans, was not assessed until midway through the three large cohort follow-up studies, which may have led to misclassification of secoisolariciresinol intake. The lack of diversity in socioeconomic status and race within the population may limit the generalizability of the findings. Despite multivariate adjustment, residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out.
Disclosure:
The three cohort studies were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest.
This article was created using multiple editorial tools, including AI as part of the process; a human editor reviewed this content before publishing.
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Sources 2/ https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/how-do-plant-based-foods-reduce-type-2-diabetes-risk-2024a1000ft2 The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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