Researchers map the genetic difference between children with a Wilmus tumor

A genetically adjusted treatment plan for children suffering from kidney cancer may help provide the most effective treatment while minimizing side effects as much as possible.

Welcome Sanger's Institute, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Omond Street Hospital, Vultsburg University researchers and their collaborators are the genetic differences between children who have a kind of pediatric kidney cancer called Wilmus tumor. I mapped.

Approximately 30% of children suffering from Wilmus tumors have genetic changes that increase the risk of this cancer. This research is today (January 23), Cancer discovery, The journal of the US Cancer Research Association has the risk that genetic gene changes will occur, how much will respond to specific treatments, and those affected will result in secondary cancer. It suggests that it will be decided in advance whether it is expensive.

The research team indicated that different genetic primary causes a different tumor occurrence and kidney structure, and has identified factors that restrict the growth of tumors. They also found that those without genetic prerequisite had different ways of occurrence of Wilmus tumors.

Their research results suggest that adjusting treatment and screening programs according to the child's gene structure can provide the most effective care. In the future, this study could develop new treatments for specific gene changes and to identify children who need a hypo -invasive surgery.

Wilmus tumors are a type of kidney cancer, mainly for children under the age of five. Approximately 85 children are diagnosed with Wilmus tumors every year in the UK¹。

These tumors may be caused by natural occurrence gene changes during growth in the uterus, but in about 30 % of cases, the underlying genetic primary may increase the risk of the development of a virumus tumor. there is. Traditionally, children suffering from Wilmus tumors are screened when they have specific characteristics, such as having a tumor in both kids.

Currently, the treatment of children, which is an aspects of the Wilmus tumor, needs to balance kidney tumors to reduce the risk of secondary tumors as much as possible while maintaining the renal function as much as possible. Strategies to preserve normal kidney tissue include chemotherapy, certain types of surgery, post -operative chemotherapy extension courses, and sloppy surveillance for recurrence.

Clinical management of children with known basis is different from the clinical management of children with natural occurrence genetic changes because of the increased risk. By deepening how genetics affect the occurrence of Wilmus tumors, researchers identify patients with low risk of secondary tumors, providing information to surgical approaches and screening programs. But it may lead to the development of new treatments.

In this new study, researchers genetically mapped hundreds of tissue samples obtained from 137 children with Wilmus tumors. It contained 71 children with genetic primary, of which some of them showed initial symptoms.

The research team has shown that the generation of tumors is different in children with genetic primary. This was determined by which gene was affected, and when the gene was activated while growing in the uterus known as the timing of growth.

It has been found that various genetic primary causes for the Wilmus tumor cause a specific DNA change that causes tumor formation during childhood. These DNA changes are known as driver mutations, which increases the risk of children's secondary cancer and wilmus tumors. In particular, genetic changes in gene – WT1 and Trim 28 – As a result, further driver mutations can be accumulated on a specific route and may be a target of future pharmaceutical development.

Genetic pregnancy also affects the tissue structure of the kidney, which may help some children explain the reasons for the growth of non -canceric kidney in front of cancer tumors.

Overall, their discovery indicates that the primary may determine how to generate a Wilmus tumor in a specific pattern according to the genetic change. Researchers have suggested that treatment and screening programs may be adjusted to the type of child's genetic priority so that children can take the most effective care in the future.

According to Dr. Tallinn Tregger, co -author of the Welcome Sanger's Institute, “a specific genetic change born of a child can easily develop Wilmus tumors. What we have found in our research. Having said that cancer develops in various forms, according to the underlying ones. ” This means that in some elements can accurately predict what additional gene changes lead to the onset of cancer, and a way to identify treatments that hinder the formation of cancer. It will be. “

“The treatment of pediatric cancer may have a significant adverse effect on children living in that condition and people around them,” said Phil Brace, the Little Princess Trust, who supported this study. We believe that it is important to provide funds to the research. We hope that this research will help not only increase the possibility of the survival of young people but also to reduce the side effects of treatment. “

Our research shows the power of joint genome research that answers important clinical questions. At this time, we are treating all of the children in the same way. In other words, some children are over -treated and other children are being treated too few. Our discoveries indicate that treatment can be individualized based on genetic information. In addition, the accurate order of gene change that leads to the primary of cancer, so it may be possible to screen tumors more effectively, and can also begin to consider the possibility of prevention. 。 “

Professor SAM BEHJATI, Welcome Sangger Institute and Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust