CDC warns about drug-resistant 'nightmare bacteria' CRE

There is an alarming rise in hard-to-treat infections caused by dangerous drug-resistant bacteria, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has warned. Recent Health Alerts.

Bacteria known as carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), colloquially known as “nightmare bacteria” or “superbugs,” have become significantly more common since 2019, just before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, CDC researchers found in a paper. research has been published It was published in the journal Internal Medicine on September 23rd.

These bacteria are resistant to even some of the most powerful antibiotics, and the nearly 70% increase in infections caused by them is a potential public health problem, the CDC said.

“This rapid increase in NDM-CRE means we face an increasing threat that will limit our ability to treat some of the most serious bacterial infections,” Daniel Rankin, an epidemiologist in CDC's Office of Healthcare Quality Advancement, said in a Sept. 23 press release.

Here's what you need to know about this bacterium and what makes it a “nightmare.”

What are “nightmare germs”?

'Nightmare bacteria' is an umbrella term built by This refers to a category of antibiotic-resistant bacteria called carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales, where “carbapenem” refers to a type of antibiotic and “Enterobacteriales” refers to a class of bacteria.

Carbapenems are more than just everyday antibiotics. Carbapenems are some of the most powerful, broad-spectrum antibiotics and are often used to treat infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. According to National Institutes of Health (NIH). Carbapenems are used when you have an infection that cannot be treated with many or most common types of antibiotics.

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They can be used to treat: complex and serious conditionincluding multiple types of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, blood infections, and skin infections.

Bacteria become resistant to drugs when they acquire the ability to withstand the drugs prescribed to kill them. CDC and cleveland clinic. Experts say this is largely a result of increased antibiotic use, because the more bacteria are exposed to a particular type of antibiotic, the longer it takes for the bacteria to develop resistance to the antibiotic. For this reason, it is generally considered important not to take antibiotics unless absolutely necessary, to limit their use to only what is needed, and to complete the entire course as prescribed. These “superbugs” can also be transmitted from person to person. cleveland clinic.

Although CRE is often associated with hospitalization and clinical settings, it is still considered rare, according to the study authors. However, the significant increase in these types of infections remains a concern, they said.

Why and how do “nightmare germs” spread?

The authors of the study, published in September, looked at 4,341 cases of CRE infections in hospitals in 29 states. Overall, they found a 69% increase in carbapenem-resistant infections between 2019 and 2023, increasing from 2 per 100,000 people to more than 3 per 100,000 people.

The study found that this increase was primarily caused by the NDM gene. This gene produces an enzyme that resists antibiotics and, when present in a bacterium, makes it very difficult to kill that bacterium. While NDM was once thought to be extremely rare in the United States, this study found a 460% increase in NDM-CRE infections between 2019 and 2023.

The study authors said these forms of infection are not only the most likely to be prevalent in health care settings, but they can also pose serious risks in health care settings because they can only be treated with two rare and expensive antibiotics administered through an intravenous drip. This means that illnesses that are considered common, such as urinary tract infections, which are usually treated with oral antibiotics taken at home, may require hospital treatment if NDM-carrying bacteria are present.

The study authors noted that many carriers of CRE are likely unaware that they carry the bacteria, posing a risk of community spread. Additionally, some hospitals did not have adequate testing and reporting capacity, limiting our ability to fully assess the status of the study. Several densely populated states such as California, New York, Florida and Texas were also not included in the study.

of CDC memo CRE can be spread through person-to-person contact from dirty hands, wounds, feces, or contaminated medical equipment or equipment. According to the CDC, people who take certain antibiotics for long periods of time, use medical devices such as ventilators or catheters, and people with weakened immune systems are most at risk for contracting CRE infections.

another study A paper published in April in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that antibiotic-resistant infections increased from 182 to 193 per 10,000 hospitalizations during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that increased hospitalizations and exposure to antibiotics may also be contributing to the rise in such infections. in 2022 Special Report, The CDC found that in 2022, there were approximately 12,700 infections and 1,100 deaths from CRE in the United States.

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