Health
Natural selection “favors ginger”
Ginger has been stereotyped throughout history. Aristotle believed that red hair was a sign of courage, while medieval writers saw it as a sign of intense passion.
Still, for those who have been teased about themselves, ginger rockyou may be relieved to hear that. The number of redheads is increasingAccording to one study.
Researchers at Harvard University in the US have discovered that humans are evolving faster than previously thought, with genes for red hair, small waists and celiac disease becoming increasingly common.
Many scientists previously believed that humans had evolved little over the past 10,000 years.
But new DNA analysis from 15,836 ancient hominin remains shows that not only are humans rapidly evolving; Ginger may actually be a desirable trait – At least as far as natural selection is concerned.
scientists have proposed Ginger hair gene It may have become more common because “4,000 years ago it was beneficial to have red hair.” But the reason remains a mystery, the researchers said, and the gene that produces red hair may simply have “ridden” another, more evolutionarily important trait.
Ali Akbari, lead author of the paper, said: “Instead of looking for the scars that natural selection has left on the modern genome, we can now look at them.” How selection has shaped biology In real time. ”
The study, published in the journal Nature, involved more than 250 archaeologists and anthropologists who assembled a database of DNA from 10,016 ancient burial sites in Europe and Asia.
This was combined with genome sequences from a further 5,820 ancient and 6,438 modern humans, including data from the UK Biobank.
We were able to analyze millions of genetic mutations and track their frequency. specific variant It appeared over time. The study identified 479 genes whose rates of increase or decrease were “greater than expected by chance,” suggesting natural selection is at work.
This study considers the following time periods: last great ice age When humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers and formed the first human civilizations. The researchers said: natural selection This phase may have accelerated because “lifestyles and economies are rapidly changing.”
Other features include: evolution chose The cause is a narrow waist and low body fat. The researchers suggest that the “genetic adaptation of hunter-gatherers to store fat to facilitate survival during periods of scarcity” became a disadvantage once humans started farming on their own.
Genetic variants associated with fast walking pace and resistance to leprosy are also on the rise, while genetic variants that cause androgenetic alopecia and rheumatoid arthritis are on the decline, a study has found.
Susceptibility to celiac disease is increasing as well. The researchers suggested that the HLA0DQB1 gene responsible for this condition also confers resistance to certain pathogens.
genetic advantage
Therefore, the benefits of having this genetic mutation may outweigh the risk of autoimmune disease caused by eating wheat.
Previously, there were only 21 modern instances. evolution of humanity It was widely recognized. These included mutations that allowed humans who owned cows to continue digesting milk into adulthood, while other societies, particularly East Asia, had higher rates of lactose intolerance.
The authors plan to repeat the study in East Asia, East Africa, and Central and South America to uncover more genetic variations, which they hope will help prevent disease and pave the way for the development of new gene therapy drugs.
Harvard University says, “This study demonstrates the power of ancient DNA research to uncover human genetic adaptation and other fundamental principles of evolutionary biology.”
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