Health
Research reveals how people with retinal degenerative disease can maintain night vision
New insights on how people with retinal degenerative disease can maintain night vision for a relatively long period of time are announced today in open access. eLife journal.
Studies in mice show that secondary neurons of the retina, which relay visual signals to the retinal ganglion cells that project to the brain, maintain their activity in response to photoreceptor degeneration and resist visual decline. Suggests. This is known as homeostatic plasticity. Rod photoreceptors are the cells involved in the most sensitive aspects of our vision and can be seen at night, but can be lost during retinal degenerative disease.
New discoveries pave the way for further research to understand how our eyes and other sensory systems react and adapt to changes that may be compromised throughout life.
The plasticity of neurons inside the retina was previously seen to occur in response to photoreceptor degeneration, but this process has been thought to be maladaptated rather than homeostatic in nature. It was. Although our studies were conducted at a relatively early stage of disease progression, most previous studies focused on severe disease stages that may explain the contradiction. Most recently, several studies using a triggered photoreceptor loss model have shown adaptive responses in bipolar cells-cells that connect the outside and inside of the retina. However, it was unclear whether such indications would occur during progressive photoreceptor degenerative disease and whether it would help maintain visual behavior. “
Henri Reinonen, co-author, postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Irvine
To address this issue, Reinonen et al. Studyed a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. This is the name given to the group of related hereditary diseases caused by the P23H mutation in rhodopsin. Retinitis pigmentosa causes the destruction and loss of rod-shaped photoreceptor cells in the retina, making nighttime observation difficult.
The team combined RNA sequencing, electrophysiology, and behavioral experiments throughout the retina in both healthy and retinitis pigmentosa mice as the disease progressed. Their experiments showed that degeneration of rod photoreceptors causes genomic changes with strong compensatory molecular changes in the retina, leading to an increase in electrical signals between rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells. These changes were associated with well-maintained behavioral nocturnal visual acuity, despite the loss of more than half of the rod photoreceptors in mice with retinitis pigmentosa.
“This mechanism may explain why patients with hereditary retinal disease can maintain normal vision until the disease is relatively advanced,” said John A. Moran of the University of Utah Health University. Nguyen Fam, a graduate research assistant and co-author of the Ophthalmology Center, said. , USA Salt Lake City. “It may also stimulate new treatment strategies for diseases that lead to blindness.”
“Our results suggest the adaptation of the retina as a driver of persistent visual function during photoreceptor degenerative diseases,” said Frans, senior professor at the John A. Moran Eye Center at Utah State University. Dr. Vinberg concludes. “Additional research is now needed to discover the exact homeostatic plasticity mechanism that promotes cellular signaling and visual function. This is a potential new intervention to increase homeostatic plasticity when needed. May be useful for the development of. “
Source:
Journal reference:
Reinonen, H. , other (2020) Retinal homeostatic plasticity is associated with the maintenance of night vision during retinal degenerative diseases. eLife. doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59422..
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