Health
Early functional SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response may prevent severe infection
Graphical abstraction. Cell reports (2021). DOI: 10.1016 / j.celrep.2021.108728
Antibodies and T cells are components of the human immune system that act directly on viral infections and eliminate infected cells. A new study by scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School provides evidence that the early presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in COVID-19 is likely to prevent serious illness.Research published in Cell reports, It has important implications for clinical management of COVID-19 patients.
Humoral and cellular adaptive immunity are two immune mechanisms that act against pathogens. Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity is antibody-free and is instead promoted by T cells. Studying how these immune systems mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection may be beneficial in controlling disease progression. However, their role in viral control or the etiology of the disease is not fully understood, and very few studies have closely monitored patients with COVID-19, especially in the acute phase, over the long term. infection..
To bridge this knowledge gap, a team of researchers at Duke-NUS have worked on the virological and immunological parameters of 12 patients from onset to recovery or death of symptomatological acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. I investigated the changes.
“Patients who control SARS-Cov-2 infection with only mild symptoms were found to be characterized by early induction of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells that secrete IFN-γ, but humoral. The amount of response is the level of severity of COVID-19 disease. ” Dr. Anthony Tanoto Tan, Senior Research Fellow and co-author of the study, said Duke-NUS’s Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) program.
“Our data support the idea that SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells play an important role in the rapid control of viral infections and the elimination of ultimate disease,” said Duke-NUS EID. Dr. Martin Linster, a senior researcher at the hospital, added. Co-author of the program and this study.
This work is a continuation of the team’s previous publications. NatureWe analyzed SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients. In this study, they extended the analysis to a complete timeline of SARS-CoV-2 infection from onset to outcome.
“To comprehensively understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, T cell monitoring should be considered, which makes the vaccine more effective when both antibodies and T are totally induced. It also means that it is likely. cell It will occur. ” The corresponding author of the study, Professor Antonio Bertoletti of the Duke-NUS EID program, said.
“This important study will give us a better understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. It has a wide range of implications, including the design of the COVID-19 vaccine and the subsequent monitoring of the vaccine response,” said the next senior vice president. Said Professor Patrick Casey. Duke-Study at NUS.
The team is currently studying COVID-19 patients with a variety of symptoms disease Severity to further verify the findings.
Anthony T. Tan et al. Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells is associated with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients. Cell reports (2021). DOI: 10.1016 / j.celrep.2021.108728
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Duke-NUS Medical College
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