Health
Changes in cellular DNA that could revolutionize disease prevention
Researchers from the University of Queensland have discovered a DNA mechanism that controls how disease-causing mutations are inherited.
Dr Ann Hahn and Associate Professor Steven Zurin, from the Queensland Brain Institute at the University of Queensland, said the findings could lead to promising treatments to halt the onset of genetic and age-related diseases.
“Mitochondrial DNA is essential for cell function,” Dr. Hahn said.
“However, as we age, they mutate and can cause diseases such as dementia, cancer and diabetes.
“Our team identified two enzymes that control a chemical modification (adenine methylation, or 6mA) in mitochondrial DNA in a range of species, including humans.”
“Removing this modification would lead to an uncontrolled accumulation of DNA mutations that would become inherited,” Dr. Hahn said.
“Our study shows that alterations in 6mA control these mutations, suggesting that increasing levels of 6mA could slow disease progression.”
The concept of epigenetics is an evolving field of research that reveals how environmental factors, such as early life experiences, affect gene expression.
This calls into question the old belief that DNA mutations inevitably cause disease.
Dr Hahn said the research bridges the gap between genetics and epigenetics.
“Our findings suggest how these epigenetic marks protect against disease-causing mutations and ensure the continuation of healthy cells,” she said.
Dr Zhulin said epigenetic modifications are not only essential for an individual's health, but also for safeguarding the genetic integrity of future generations.
“Our findings were made primarily in the model organism C. elegans and in cells cultured in the laboratory,” he said.
“The research team is now investigating whether a similar mechanism exists in humans and how it might affect disease outcome.”
“This study has significant implications and provides a new perspective on genetic and epigenetic factors in health and disease.”
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