Double start and earthquake barriers

Photo: ©ozgurdonmaz | iStock 2024 kicked off with a seismic event that highlighted the unpredictable and fascinating nature of earthquakes.

On New Year’s Day, a 7.5-magnitude earthquake struck Japan’s quiet Noto Peninsula, killing more than 280 people and destroying thousands of homes. What made the quake particularly significant was its unique mechanism, recently revealed by a team of international researchers.

Led by UCLA assistant professor Lingxin Meng, along with graduate student Liuwei Xu and professor Chen Jie of the University of California, Santa Barbara, the team dug deep into the seismic events that preceded the January quake. Their findings, published in the prestigious journal Science , shed light on a rare phenomenon known as “double initiation.” This mechanism saw the quake originate almost simultaneously from two distinct points on the fault line beneath the Noto Peninsula.

Dual Initiative

Imagine bending a pencil at both ends until it breaks in the middle. That’s similar to how this earthquake broke through what geologists call a “barrier” on the fault line. These barriers, or ridges, act like natural dividers that hold parts of the fault in place, absorbing energy and preventing larger seismic events. However, under certain conditions, such as a swarm of strong earthquakes, the pressure buildup can exceed the barrier’s holding capacity, leading to a powerful release of energy—which is exactly what happened on that fateful New Year’s Day.

The team’s breakthrough came through careful analysis of seismic data, GPS readings, and satellite imagery. By examining the movements within the Earth during the seismic waves that preceded the quake, they were able to pinpoint a previously unknown barrier in the area. This discovery not only advances our understanding of earthquake formation, but also improves seismic hazard assessments and future predictions.

Earthquake preparation

Earthquakes with double epicenters, such as the Noto earthquake, pose an increased risk of stronger shaking due to the intense energy release.

This understanding prompts us to think urgently about future earthquake scenarios, and underscores the complexity of seismic processes.

As technology advances and data accuracy improves, there is optimism among researchers that similar double-initiation mechanisms may be more common than previously thought.

This insight could revolutionize earthquake preparedness around the world, providing a glimpse into a future where the devastating impacts of such natural disasters are mitigated through enhanced scientific understanding.

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