The interaction of rocky fluids may explain the electromagnetic distortions that occur before an earthquake

Paper seismograph for work and earthquakes – 3D view

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Electromagnetic anomalies have been documented before or during an earthquake over hundreds of years. They range from malfunctioning electronic devices (especially phones) to short-lived flashes of light, and long-lasting incandescent clouds and celestial bodies (known as earthquake lights).

Many researchers believe that tectonic stress applied to the fault produces an electric current. If the mineral is deformed, the single atoms are displaced or removed, resulting in an electrically charged defect in the crystal structure. But this is a very ineffective process, and by itself, it is insufficient to explain the large electric currents required for the electromagnetic effects attributed to earthquakes.

But now researchers from Shinshu University and the Genesis Research Institute have conducted a series of experiments, discovering an additional step that might present a potential solution. They produced an electric current by compressing and breaking various types of rocks, including granite, gabbro, quartz diorite, and basalt, and adding liquids (a mixture of liquefied gases and water). The study has been published in the journal Earth, Planets and Space.

Experimental setup.

Yuji Inomoto / Shinshu University

As the pressure decreases, the carbon dioxide gas or dissolved methane is discharged into the liquid at once, causing the volume to increase and the cracks to expand. The gas comes into contact with the electrically charged metals, becomes electrified in this process and a current is generated as the gas moves upwards.

In this model, it is possible for a large current to be generated just before an earthquake, depending on the size of the earthquake, causing several electromagnetic anomalies. In the future, the researchers plan to conduct field observations to verify this model.

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