Health
High airway mucosal antibodies reduce COVID-19 reinfection by 55%
One of the biggest questions throughout COVID-19 Pandemic re-infected. How likely are you? Are reinfections more severe than the initial infection? How does the emergence of new variants affect reinfection rates?
In new research, Omicron COVID-19 variants generated durable mucosal antibodies that greatly reduced the risk of reinfection.
Mucosal immunity is known to protect against other respiratory infections.of studywas published in lancet infectioninvestigated how high levels of mucosal immunoglobulin-A antibody (M-IgA) protect against reinfection with COVID-19.
“Antibodies in the blood protect against serious disease,” said Charlotte Thålin, MD, associate professor at the Danderyd Hospital Department of Clinical Sciences and lead author of the study. For new SARS-CoV-2 variants, immunity needs to be strengthened at mucosal surfaces, the point of entry for the virus. ”
Investigators recruited 2,149 health workers from Danderyd Hospital in Sweden. Since spring 2022, the study participant’s COVID-19 immune response has been monitored by routine blood tests and airway screenings.
A substudy conducted in January and February 2022 screened 338 HCWs who received 3 doses of vaccine (2 doses of primary vaccine). COVID-19 vaccine series and one booster dose). The study found that participants with high airway mucosal IgA antibodies had half the risk of Omicron infection compared to participants with little or no airway antibodies.
High concentrations of nasal SARS-CoV-2 WT spike immunoglobulin-A (M-IgA) have previously been shown to be effective against Omicron infection over a 4-week study period. With this study, the researchers found that patients with M-IgA concentrations at least in the 75th percentile at enrollment had a symptomatic breakthrough infection of BA.1, BA.2, or BA.5 at 8-month follow-up. Confirmed a 55% reduction in risk. – up period.
Even mild Omicron infection increased M-IgA antibodies more than 40-fold. This result paves the way for further studies on the protection conferred by sustained mucosal IgA antibody responses in the airways.
“It is hoped that the nasal vaccine will generate a mucosal immune response similar to that seen after infection, thereby blocking the chain of transmission,” Thålin said.
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