Health
Quad: Breaking down the science behind the COVID-19 virus and examining its function
Viruses that have punctured the entire global infrastructure over the last few months Physically Much smaller than the period at the end of this sentence.
That very small things can act as one of the greatest threats humanity can currently imagine is evidence of the ironically complex nature of the virus. Here we try to break down the basics of COVID-19 and understand how it penetrates the body.
Coronaviruses are usually defined as single-stranded RNA viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections. First reported in Wuhan, China in December, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2, is the same group of viruses as Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and even colds. Humans can usually get sick and recover from the less severe complications that can result from less severe coronaviruses such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
Hong Zhou, a professor of microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics, and director of the Electronic Imaging Center at NanoMachines explained how other coronaviruses behave differently than they do today.
“Other coronaviruses are usually seasonal,” Zhou said. “We don’t talk about them because they don’t cause problems for humans.”
The same cannot be said about the latest coronavirus cousins. What sets it apart is that the human immune system has no idea what to do with it.
Scientists often explain this phenomenon by calling the virus “new.” Since SARS-CoV-2 originates from animals, not only is it unfamiliar to the human body, but it is a pathogen unknown to the whole human race, Mayo Clinic.
COVID-19 is Wet market In Wuhan, it was an animal house that was sold for consumption. Animals provide a means for the virus to spread, and it is possible for the virus to be present in the virus without human knowledge. In addition, environments like the wet market are viral because many different species share a small space where fluid can fall from one cage to another and ultimately to a human handler. May contribute to the spread of.
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Microcosm wet market ecosystem An example would be such a virus easily It can spread to people as well as animals. However, in terms of infection, not all viruses are created equal. 2019 Coronavirus is very contagious compared to its predecessor: All coronaviruses can spread on contact, but COVID-19 has been shown to be a bit more prevalent.
First, it is important to note that the virus is completely dependent on the infected cells. These non-viral cells contain unique code to manage healthy cellular mechanisms. But viruses don’t care about the health of infected cells. They invade, bring their own instruction manuals, and proceed to deprive them of cellular resources to make more. Compared to the thousands of genes found in healthy human cells, the virus carries 2-10 genes. This is a huge oversimplification of what is needed for health.
Imagine a well-oiled democratic society with a complex system of checks and balances to keep everything running smoothly. Suddenly, this society is overwhelmed by the rulers of another land that throws away subtle systems and has the single goal of harnessing the resources of the city to help people breed.
To In their quest to hijack human cells, the virus must first bind to it by some structure or protein. All coronaviruses use what is called a “spike protein”, but the proteins present in SARS-CoV-2 bind more strongly. And This protein is activated by an enzyme called furin, which is found in various human organs, which can cause the virus to essentially attack the body from multiple different entry points, causing damage to multiple different organs. . the study The furin activation site found in SARS-CoV-2 indicates that unlike that of other coronaviruses, it may affect the violent response to the body.
These are the mechanisms that give COVID-19 a particular competitive edge over other coronaviruses. However, all viruses attack with certain brutality built into so many machines, part of that danger is accompanied by occasional mutations.
“Similar to everything in nature, viruses have to find out how they exist.” “In order to gain existence, viruses must adapt to their environment.”
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Timothy Brewer, a professor of epidemiology at Fielding School of Public Health, found that many of the mutations that occur were silent. A virus that has not been modified in any meaningful way.
“So the question is, is there a mutation that makes sense to make the virus more or less deadly, easier to transmit, or easier?” He said. “It’s certainly possible, but there’s no real evidence for it yet.”
As a result of the complex nature of the viral mechanism, there is still no cure targeting COVID-19. Scientists all over the world Testing various athletesHowever, according to Brewer, treatment regimens will depend on the frequency of mutations.
“We need to see if it resembles the flu, where the mutation rate is less important for treatment, if one drug is available, or if it resembles HIV. Mutates rapidly So it’s a combination of several drugs. “
The timeline for such treatment of COVID-19 is still ambiguous. Zhou declared that neither treatment nor vaccine would show up overnight. For example, the polio vaccine was Widley, which was first used more than 60 years after the first epidemic in the United States began in 1894.
“There are processes you must follow for safety and effectiveness,” Zhou said. “In many cases it doesn’t succeed and the process has to be repeated again.”
While waiting for more permanent approval, the best way to combat the little viruses that have hampered society is to stay at home and wash your hands to stop its spread. Understand how Viral operation Work is the first step in understanding how to overcome them and return to life as we know it.
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