Studies show that the medieval tendency of pointed shoes led to the explosion of the valgus mother to

Skeleton studies suggest that valgus mothers have increased sharply due to the tendency of medieval pointe shoes.

Researchers at the University of Cambridge analyzed 177 skeletons from four graveyards in and around the city.

According to their study, 6% of individuals buried between the 11th and 13th centuries show evidence of a valgus mother, commonly known as the valgus mother hall ,, in the 14th and 15th centuries. Increased to 27% of the individual.

This was in line with the growing popularity of pointed toe shoes called Pourin.

Dr. Pears Mitchell of the Faculty of Archeology, Cambridge, said:

“Among these fashion trends were shoes with long, pointed toes called Pourin.

“Shoe debris excavated in places like London and Cambridge show that by the late 14th century, almost all types of shoes were at least slightly pointed, both adults and children. It is a common style.

“Investigating the changes that took place between the late Middle Ages and the Middle Ages, we found that the increase in valgus halls over time was due to the introduction of these new footwear styles.”

The study found that 31 of the 177 skeletons showed changes in the metatarsophalangeal joint consistent with the valgus mother over time.

The valgus mother is a mild deformity in which the largest toe is angled outward and a bony prominence is formed at the medial groin of the foot.

Factors ranging from heredity to muscle imbalance are more likely to be valgus mothers, but the most common causes today are contractile boots and shoes.

Radiocarbon dating and records of when the burial ground was used helped to date the skeleton and show a clear increase in cases of valgus mothers over time.

According to the survey, those buried in the city center, especially in the parcels for wealthy citizens and clergy, were likely to have valgus mothers.

Studies show that in a rural cemetery 6 kilometers south of Cambridge, 3% of the bones showed signs of valgus, while the parish cemetery was primarily on the edge of the town where the working poor lived. In, 10% of the bone was seen.

This increased to 23% on the premises of the Charity Hospital and 43% on the premises of the former Augustine Monastery, where priests and wealthy patrons were buried.

“The dressing rules of Augustine’s monks included footwear that was” black and ankle-stringed “to suit the lifestyle of worship and poverty,” said Dr. Mitchell.

However, in the 13th and 14th centuries, it became more and more common for British clergy to wear stylish clothes. This was a concern among high-ranking church officials. In 1215, the church banned clerics from wearing pointed-toed shoes.

This may have been of little help in curbing trends, as a number of additional legislation on clerical dress indiscriminateness had to be passed in 1281 and 1342.

“As seen in the description of Chaucer’s monks in The Canterbury Tales, the adoption of fashionable clothing by clergy was very common and spurred criticism in contemporary literature,” Dr. Mitchell said. It was.

In late medieval society as a whole, the pointed shoes became so extreme that in 1463 King Edward IV passed a law in London limiting the length of the toes to less than 2 inches.

Lead author Dr. Jenna Dittmar found that skeletal remains with a valgus mother with, which makes it difficult to balance, are also likely to show signs of fractures due to normal drops of the upper limbs, etc. did. arm.

This association was found to be significant only among those who died over the age of 45.

This study is published in the International Journal of Paleopathology.

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