Trump signs executive order to review leading AI models for security risks

President Donald Trump signed an executive order on artificial intelligence surveillance on Tuesday, less than two weeks after postponing a White House ceremony over concerns that a similar policy could blunt America’s technological lead.

The order establishes a framework for the federal government to review the national security risks of the most advanced AI systems up to a month before their release. Participation by AI developers would be voluntary, the order states.

“Advanced AI capabilities make our nation stronger, but also introduce new national security considerations that require coordinated action across executive departments and agencies,” the order states.

It was not immediately clear how much the order differed from the one Trump refused to sign on May 21.

The order says the government would only have 30 days to review an AI system, a shorter time frame than some in the industry expected. A longer period could have been considered too burdensome for a fast-paced and highly competitive sector.

Trump canceled an Oval Office event with tech industry executives last month because he didn’t like what he saw in the previous version of the order’s text. “We lead China, we lead everyone, and I don’t want to do anything that’s going to stand in the way of that lead,” Trump told reporters at the time.

This directive has been characterized as a voluntary collaboration with participating US technology companies, including Anthropic, OpenAI and Google, which are sometimes described as “frontier labs” because they build the most advanced AI systems. Several companies had planned to have executives present at the May 21 signing ceremony. Trump ended up signing it without any ceremony.

The White House said in a social media post Tuesday that the executive order “creates a process for border labs to voluntarily share cutting-edge cyber models to secure critical infrastructure and strengthen the government’s cyber defenses. We do NOT conduct oversight of all new models, as this level of government overreach would have chilling effects on free speech and innovation.”

Juan Londoño, a policy analyst at the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, said the order is imperfect but “a step in the right direction to prepare the nation for the release of advanced AI systems.”

He applauded the White House’s calling the process voluntary, but expressed concern about the vagueness over how the government, led by the director of the National Security Agency, will decide which AI models can be reviewed, and how it will decide which “trusted partners” will have early access to them.

Londoño said in an interview that giving so much discretion to the NSA director was a “dangerous precedent” that could allow the government to “weaponize” policy against companies it is in conflict with, like Anthropic.

Plans for a new AI cybersecurity directive follow Anthropic’s April announcement of its most advanced AI model, called Claude Mythos, amid a legal battle between the company and the Trump administration over a contract dispute with the Pentagon.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and outgoing Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell soon after called an urgent meeting with Wall Street CEOs, warning them of the risks posed by Mythos’ apparent ability to detect cybersecurity vulnerabilities in global software. Anthropic has limited access to Mythos to a small group of trusted partners, such as large technology companies and banks, although it announced Tuesday that it has expanded that group to an additional 150 organizations.

Anthropic called Trump’s new order “an important step in strengthening America’s leadership in AI” and said it looked forward to working with the White House to support its implementation.

Its main rival, ChatGPT maker OpenAI, also described the policy as an important step, as did Google.

“As AI capabilities continue to advance, we believe effective security frameworks must continue to be developed through democratic institutions, informed by technical expertise and broad stakeholder input, to promote accountability and public trust,” said Chris Lehane, director of global affairs at OpenAI.

Democratic Sen. Mark Warner, vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, also praised Trump’s policies but criticized the administration for “belatedly discovering the need to remake something it hastily dismantled in its first year.”

Trump repealed many of former President Joe Biden’s safeguards on AI just hours after returning to the White House last year.

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AP Technology editor Barbara Ortutay contributed.

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