Health
Six Feet May Not Be Enough to Keep A Safe Social Distance: Research
Airborne transmission of viruses, such as the virus that causes COVID-19, is not well understood, but a good baseline of research gives a better understanding of how particles move through the air when people cough. Is to do.
In a paper published in AIP Publishing’s Physics of Fluids, Talib Dbouk and Dimitris Drikakis found that saliva travels 18 feet in 5 seconds in a slight wind at 4 km / h.
“Clouds of water droplets affect adults and children of different heights,” Dricakiss said. “Shorter adults and children can be at higher risk if they are in the path of a moving saliva droplet.”
Saliva is a complex fluid that floats and travels in most of the surrounding air released by a cough. Saliva droplet movement methods include droplet size and number, droplet interaction, ambient air dispersion and evaporation, heat and mass transfer, ambient air humidity and temperature, etc. Many factors influence.
Dbouk and Drikakis have created a computational fluid dynamics simulation to examine the state of all saliva droplets moving in the air in front of a coughing person to see how saliva travels in the air. did. Their simulations took into account humidity, dispersive forces, saliva-air molecule interactions, and how droplets evaporate from liquid to vapor.
The computational domain of the simulation is a grid that represents the space in front of the coughing person. The analysis ran partial differential equations on 1,008 saliva droplets, solving a total of about 3.7 million equations.
“Each cell holds information about variables such as pressure, fluid velocity, temperature, drop mass, drop position, and so on,” Dobook said. “The purpose of mathematical modeling and simulation is to consider all the actual binding or interaction mechanisms that may occur between the main fluid flow and the saliva droplet, and between the saliva droplet itself. That’s it. ”
Further research is needed to identify the effect of surface temperature on the behavior of saliva in the air and to investigate the indoor environment in which air conditioning significantly affects the movement of particles in the air.
“This work is very important because it relates to health and safety distance guidelines, helps to better understand the spread and transmission of airborne diseases, and helps to develop preventative measures based on scientific results,” Dricakiss said. Said.
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