Symptoms, risk factors, treatments, and prospects

Sinus cancer occurs in tooth decay behind the nose. Cancers in this area are classified based on the type of cells that develop.

Most sinus cancers occur in the flat cells that line the inside of the sinuses. These types of cancer are called squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are the most common types of sinus cancer.Together, they explain 60-70% Of all cancer in the nasal passages.

Symptoms depend on the size and extent of the tumor.They often appear on only one side and can mimic the symptoms of less serious conditions such as: cold or Sinous infection..

Early symptoms of sinus cancer

Initial symptoms Most commonly include:

Subsequent symptoms if left untreated

If left untreated, the tumor can put pressure on the eyes, nerves, and other tissues. Subsequent symptoms are as follows:

The reason why sinus cancer develops is not completely known. It is believed that changes in certain genes can cause cells to grow out of control, but so far few genetic changes have been found in this type of cancer.

according to American Cancer SocietyThe genes inherited from your parents are not thought to cause many types of sinus or nasal cancer.Genetic changes associated with sinus cancer Usually earned throughout your life..

Researchers do not know exactly why sinus cancer develops, but they have discovered some risk factors.

• smoking. Tobacco use is the greatest risk factor for developing head and neck cancer.Evidence suggests that it increases the risk of developing sinus squamous cell carcinoma 2-3 times..
• Gender and gender. Men over 40 You have the highest risk of developing sinus cancer.According to the American Cancer Society, which groups people in the men’s and women’s categories, men are about Twice It is as likely to develop it as a woman.
• Human papillomavirus virus (HPV). HPV Is a group of over 200 viruses that cause Warts.. Most HPV infections do not cause cancer.But some High-risk HPV infection If it lasts for years, it can lead to changes in cells that can develop into cancer.
• Race. according to American Cancer SocietyWhites are more likely to develop cancer of the nasal passages than blacks.
• Exposure to chemicals. People who regularly breathe certain chemicals at work appear to be at increased risk of sinus cancer. These include:

Symptoms of sinus cancer are less severe and are often confused with symptoms of a more common condition. Chronic sinusitis or Cold..

It is advisable to see a doctor if there are potential symptoms of sinus cancer that are unlikely to be caused by the cancer but have no obvious cause.

Early detection of cancer is most likely to succeed in treating it.

Getting a diagnosis of sinus cancer begins with visiting a primary health care specialist.If they suspect cancer, they will introduce you Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) doctor For further testing.

These tests include:

• endoscopy. Ann Endoscope Is a long, thin tube with a camera and light inserted into the nose, allowing doctors to inspect the sinuses. Otorhinolaryngologists may apply a numbing spray to the nose before starting surgery.
• biopsy. A biopsy removes a small amount of tissue for lab analysis. A biopsy may be done during the endoscopy.
• Puncture suction.. Fine needle aspiration uses a very fine needle to remove a small amount of fluid from the lymph nodes to see if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
• Imaging. Doctors may order different types of images to find out how far the tumor has grown. Imaging techniques available include:

Treatment of sinus cancer depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumor in the sinuses, its stage, overall health, and the type of cancer. Treatment options are as follows:

• Surgery. Tumors can be surgically removed by a procedure called endoscopic microsurgery. During this procedure, the cancer is removed endoscopically through your nose.
• Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy It can be used to shrink the tumor before surgery or kill the cells that remain after surgery.
• chemical treatment. chemical treatment A chemotherapeutic therapy used to kill cancer cells. It can be used in combination with radiation therapy to treat some types of sinus cancer, including: Melanoma or sarcoma..

The outlook for sinus cancer depends on the particular type of cancer you have.

What is the 5-year relative survival rate for cancer patients with nasal or paranasal sinuses? 58 percent.. The outlook is best if the cancer has not spread beyond the sinuses.

These numbers can give you an estimate of what you expect, but your doctor can give you the most accurate outlook.

Many factors, such as age and overall health, can affect the response to treatment. Ethnicity and race can also affect the outlook.

and 2021 study, Researchers have found that blacks, Native Americans, and Alaska Natives have higher mortality from sinus cancer than whites. They also found that Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced cancer.

Multiple factors, such as socio-economic status and access to health care, may contribute to these differences. It is important to note that permanent racism, discrimination, and the stress of the racist system can contribute to these inequality in medicine.

Sinus cancer begins in the cavity behind the nose where mucus is formed. It is often not detected until it is long enough to cause a noticeable symptom. Early symptoms can mimic the symptoms of less serious conditions such as common colds and sinus infections.

Treatment of sinus cancer usually includes surgery with or without chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Getting cancer treatment can be stressful, but your doctor can help you develop the best treatment plan for your individual situation.