Health
Scientists reveal the prevalence of highly drug-resistant cholera strains
Scientists from the National Reference Center for Vibrio Cholera at the Institut Pasteur, in collaboration with Hospital Mayotte, have uncovered the prevalence of highly drug-resistant cholera strains. This study was published on December 12, 2024. New England Medical Journal.
Cholera is an infectious diarrheal disease caused by a specific type of bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is one of the most deadly infectious diseases in its most severe cases. Without treatment, patients can die within hours. Treatment is primarily to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, but antibiotics are also used in addition to hydration therapy. These are essential to shorten the infectious period and break the chain of infection as soon as possible.
During the 2018-2019 cholera outbreak, strains resistant to 10 antibiotics, including azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, two of the three recommended for cholera treatment, were discovered. First confirmed in Yemen.
Scientists have now been able to track the spread of this strain by studying the bacteria's genome. Following Yemen, it was confirmed again in Lebanon in 2022, Kenya in 2023, and finally in Tanzania and the Comoros Islands (including Mayotte, a French department off the southeast coast of Africa) in 2024. From March to July 2024, Mayotte was affected by an outbreak of 221 cases caused by this highly drug-resistant strain.
This study demonstrates the need to strengthen global surveillance of cholera pathogens, and in particular the need to determine in real time how cholera pathogens respond to antibiotics. If the new strains currently in circulation acquire further resistance to tetracyclines, all possible oral antibiotic treatments may be compromised.”
Professor François-Xavier Weill, Director of Vibrios CNR at the Pasteur Institute and lead author of the study
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Reference magazines:
Luard, C. Others. (2024). Long-distance spread of highly drug-resistant epidemic cholera strains. New England Medical Journal. doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2408761.
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