Health
Carbohydrates used by the new coronavirus to infect identified cells
The molecule ACE2 is located like a doorknob on the outer surface of the cells that line the lungs, and researchers have found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly uses them to enter these cells and cause respiratory infections. I know to establish a disease.
Scientists have identified an important carbohydrate molecule called heparan sulfate. Coronavirus Advances that may offer potential new approaches for use, prevention and treatment to infect human cells COVID-19 (new coronavirus infection) (# If there is no character limit, add parentheses when it first appears..
The molecule ACE2 is located like a doorknob on the outer surface of the cells that line the lungs, and researchers have found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly uses them to enter these cells and cause respiratory infections. I know to establish a disease.
The study, published in the journal Cell, found that SARS-CoV-2 could not obtain ACE2 without heparan sulfate. It is also found on the surface of lung cells and functions as a co-receptor for viral invasion.
“ACE2 is just part of the story, not the big picture,” said Jeffrey Esco, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Diego.
The team has shown two approaches that can reduce the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect human cells cultured in the laboratory by about 80-90%.
According to the researchers, the first approach works by enzymatically removing heparan sulfate, and the second approach uses heparin as food to attract and bind the coronavirus from human cells.
Heparin, a type of heparan sulfate, is already a widely used drug for the prevention and treatment of blood clots, suggesting that approved drugs may be reused to reduce viral infections. They said.
The team revealed the exact portion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with heparin, the receptor-binding domain.
Researchers have found that binding to heparin opens the receptor-binding domain and increases binding to ACE2.
They must bind to both heparan sulfate and ACE2 on the cell surface in order to enter human lung cells grown in laboratory dishes, they said.
Once this virus invasion mechanism was established, researchers then began trying to destroy it.
They found that an enzyme that removes heparin sulfate from the cell surface prevents SARS-CoV-2 from entering the cell.
Similarly, treatment with heparin also blocked the infection, according to researchers.
Heparin treatment acted as an antiviral agent at the dose currently given to the patient, even when researchers removed the anticoagulant region of the protein-the part responsible for preventing blood clots, they said.
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