American weather is under the control of an “omega block”. What is this?

A weather pattern named after the Greek letter omega is guiding weather in the United States as May turns to June, forecasters said, and that pattern is expected to continue.

Indeed, prepare yourself for deja vu weather over the next few days. An “omega block” weather phenomenon will persist in one form or another for some time, blocking out cool air for some and warm air for others. It could also redirect storms in unusual ways.

This omega block has stuck in a stagnant, divided pattern: very hot and dry weather in the north-central United States, cooler and wetter along the coasts and South, with slow-moving systems increasing flooding risks in wet areas, according to the National Weather Service.

“Blocking events like this are known to cause erratic weather as high pressure blocks the jet stream and shifts storm tracks north and south,” ABC 17 meteorologist Nate Splater said on his blog in late May.

This trend could persist for weeks.

A more open, weaker version of the omega block will be in place June 4-12, AccuWeather meteorologist Paul Pastelok said.

What is an omega block?

An omega block is essentially a stuck jet stream over the United States that keeps the weather in place – keeping the center of the country hot and dry while stormy and flood-prone conditions persist along the coasts for days.

According to Pastelok, an omega block is a large, nearly stationary area of ​​upper-level high pressure wedged between two areas of upper-level low pressure.

This pattern is common in April and May, when areas of low pressure in the upper levels are “cut off” from the main air flow.

And what about the name?

According to Weather.com meteorologist Jonathan Erdman, “if you trace the path of the jet stream across the United States from west to east, you will trace the Greek letter omega (Ω).”

What does the omega block mean for our weather?

It depends on where you live.

The overall trend will have a trough over both the west and east, with a ridge in between, the NOAA Weather Prediction Center said. This means cooler weather for both coasts, and very warm weather for the central United States.

Cool Northeast: Unusually cool weather over the East will strengthen early to midweek, the Weather Prediction Center said. The relatively cool air mass in the northeast and east-central United States will keep heat and humidity suppressed southward. Hot in the Northern Plains: Temperatures are expected to be well above average from central and west-central Canada to the Northern Plains, Pastelok said. As the trend set in, the summer heat finally arrived in the Northern Tier, shattering nearly 50 records, with temperatures up to 20 degrees above average, Fox Weather reported. Rainy in the South: The blocking pattern will allow a very warm, humid and unstable air mass south of an undulating frontal boundary that will keep much of the South and Southeast active with daily rain and thunderstorm chances through early June, the Weather Prediction Center said. Wet and Snowy West: The WPC added that the trough over the West will close into a broad upper low and rotate over the northern Rockies, bringing heavy low-elevation rain and mountain snow from May 31 to June 1. Moderate temperatures in the southwest: Moderate temperatures are expected in the southwest this week following a period of cooler than normal temperatures coupled with increased cloud cover and precipitation, the WPC said. Phoenix is ​​expected to reach 104 degrees by June 1, the National Weather Service said.

Additionally, “at this time of year, drier than average conditions and higher temperatures can lead to fires, particularly in the northern High Plains and central Canada,” Pastelok warned.

Doyle Rice is a national correspondent for USA TODAY, specializing in weather and climate.

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