Health
Failed HIV vaccine trials represent another setback in this area.Chemistry
NS John Cohen
After decades of searching for an effective AIDS vaccine, it has become so familiar and depressing that yet another candidate has failed a large study.
The vaccine, created by Johnson & Johnson (J & J), launched in 2017 and involved 2,600 women in South Africa and four neighboring countries, did not provide compelling protection against HIV infection in a trial called Imbokodo. bottom. “We need to fundamentally rethink what we are doing,” says Glenda Gray, who led the South African Medical Research Council and oversaw a protocol for trials comparing vaccine efficacy to placebo. ..
According to the results released today by J & J in a press release, there are 63 infections in the placebo group and 51 infections in vaccinated participants, with an efficacy of 25.2%, making the vaccine useful. Is too low. (The results also had wide “confidence intervals” and did not reach statistical significance.) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Gray emphasizes that Invocod produced more promising data than the other two disappointing AIDS vaccine efficacy trials she helped perform. “Each failed trial tells us something,” she says. Unlike other studies, this study revealed flickering efficacy. This reveals a protective immune response and allows researchers to “design better vaccines for the future.”
Paul Stoffels, chief scientific officer of J & J, said that despite the failure, a second efficacy trial of a similar vaccine in different research populations will continue. The mosaic trial, which took place in the Americas and Europe and began in 2019, targets 3,800 men who have sex with men and transgender people. Stoffels states that Mosaico is fully enrolled and is assessing the ability of improved versions of the vaccine to prevent infection via the rectal route rather than the vaginal route. HIV vaccines are “a high hurdle,” Stoffels said. [these results are] Not only are we disappointed, we never give up. “
Both Imbokodo and Mosaico combine a total of 4 doses of 2 different shots. The first uses the same backbone as J & J’s COVID-19 products. Adenovirus 26 is, in this case, a harmless “vector” that shuttles the four HIV genes to human cells. The various HIV genes are designed to produce HIV proteins that provoke an immune response that is wide enough to protect against different viral strains. The second shot consists of a genetically engineered version of the surface protein of HIV, but the exact protein differs between the two studies.
NIAID’s HIV Vaccine Trial Network sponsors both studies. Lawrence Corey, a vaccine researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, who co-leads the network, said the J & J strategy relied heavily on inducing the production of T cells that could identify and eliminate HIV-infected cells. It states that it is. Other groups are taking a different approach, working on the production of high-quality “neutralizing” antibodies that can prevent the virus from infecting cells. “It actually means that the entire field needs to move to neutralizing antibodies,” Corey said, if the T cell strategy fails to gain traction in the near future.
Several research groups have begun human trials of vaccines designed to promote potent neutralizing antibodies to HIV, but Corey said they are unlikely to enter full-scale efficacy trials for about four years. Mr. says. “We are cutting out our work for us,” he adds. “Maybe the COVID vaccine will give us lessons on how to speed this up.”
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Sources 2/ https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/08/failed-hiv-vaccine-trial-marks-another-setback-field The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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