Health
Do our brains like risk?
A new study at Tel Aviv University investigated brain responses in the context of uncertainty and stressful conflicts in the environment of risk and opportunity. Researchers have identified areas of the brain responsible for the delicate balance between desired gain and avoidance of potential losses along the way.
This work was done by researchers at Tel Aviv University, Professor Talma Hendler, Professor Itzak Fried, Dr. Tomer Gagit and Dr. Targonen Suckler School of Medicine, Faculty of Psychology And that Sagor Neuroscience School, With researchers at Tel Aviv Soulasky Medical Center (Ichilov) and the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine. This study was published in the renowned journal Nature Communications in July 2020.
In order to detect deep brain reactions, Professor Hendler conducted a study in a unique population of epilepsy patients who had electrodes inserted into the brain for testing before surgery to remove areas of the brain that caused epileptic seizures. I explained that. Patients were asked to play computer games, including risks and opportunities, and electrodes allowed researchers to accurately record neural activity in various areas of the brain related to decision making, emotions, and memory.
Your Brain Suggests-Play Safely
Throughout the game, researchers recorded the electrical activity of the subject’s nerve cells shortly after winning or losing. Subject was asked to try to collect coins at the risk of losing money from the pool. Neurons in the medial prefrontal area were found to be much more responsive to loss (punishment) than coin acquisition (reward)
In addition, researchers have found that avoidance of risk-taking in the player’s next move is influenced primarily by post-loss activity in the hippocampal territory. This is associated with anxiety as well as learning and memory. This finding points to a close link between memory processes and decision making when risk is present (stressful situations). That is, the loss is encoded in the hippocampus (a region of the brain related to memory), and participants operating in high-risk and stressful situations will be careful to avoid winning coins (lossing profits). Is desirable.
However, the experience of victory was not coded into memory in such a way as to influence the choice of future actions in uncertain situations. Interestingly, this phenomenon was only discovered once the subject had an effect on the outcome of the game, and was only found at high risk for the next move, which may be associated with anxiety.
Professor Hendler summarizes: “We learn to balance the risk of risk of loss with the pursuit of profits throughout our lives and, based on our previous experience, we learn the rational risk to take in relation to profits. The balance of these two trends Is a personality trait, but is also affected by stress (such as the current pandemic) Disorders of this trait increase sensitivity to stress and can lead to non-adaptive behaviors such as risk-taking and excessive avoidance. ..
“Our study shows how experiences of failure or loss when the human brain is our responsibility, and that this tendency leads to avoidance behavior under particularly stressful uncertainties. It is the first to show how it can be produced: understanding the neural mechanisms involved is associated with disorders characterized by excessive avoidance such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, or with excessive risk of addiction or mania. It may lead to future neuropsychotherapy of related disorders.”
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