USGS issues statement on ongoing earthquake series

A USGS webcam shows a panoramic image of Halemaʻumaʻu and the caldera floor falling from the western edge of Kilauea's summit caldera on Sunday morning.

(BIVN) – Kilauea Volcano has not yet erupted, although there is currently an ongoing seismic wave within Kilauea's upper eastern rift zone.

Hundreds of earthquakes have occurred over the past day, with rates reaching nearly 30 events per hour.

UPDATE – (8:45 AM) – Scientists say that “any significant increase in seismic activity and/or deformation may trigger a new eruption episode, but there are no signs of an imminent eruption at this time.”

The current USGS volcano alert level remains at ADVISORY.

In a status report released by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory at 1:43 a.m. Hawaii time, scientists described high earthquake activity.

Below is the full statement from USGS HVO:

Activity Summary: The upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea, below the Crater Road within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, experienced a seismic wave that began on the afternoon of June 27. By late evening on June 29, the intensity of the earthquakes had increased, with rates reaching about 30 events per hour. Most of the earthquakes were concentrated in the area between Pūhimāʻu crater and the Helena Pāli Road junction at depths between 1.5 and 3 km (1 and 1.8 mi), but also extended north toward Kinakakoi crater and south to Pa‘uhi crater. The largest earthquake in the wave was a magnitude 3.0 earthquake that occurred at 1:03 a.m. Hawaii time just north of Hi‘iaka crater at a depth of 3 km (2 mi). Although the summit area has been amplified since the end of the June 3, 2024 eruption southwest of the summit, there have been no significant changes in ground deformation associated with this escalation in seismic activity.

In its second update on Sunday morning, the USGS noted that the earthquake rate had slowed to about 20 earthquakes per hour, “which still represents increased disturbances compared to before the June 27 swarm.”

Top: Number of earthquakes that occurred each day during the past week (blue bars). Red line is total energy released. Bottom: Depth of earthquakes that occurred during the past week in the area shown on the map above. Depth is reported relative to sea level, which is equal to zero depth in the chart above. In both figures, the size of the circle represents magnitude, and the color indicates depth. (Graphs from the USGS)

Analysis: Following the volcanic eruption on June 3, 2024, magma re-pressurized the storage system beneath Halemaumau and the southern caldera area, activating earthquakes in the upper eastern rift zone and in the caldera south of Halemaumau. At present, it cannot be said whether this increase in activity will lead to an intrusion or volcanic eruption in the near future, or will simply continue as seismic disturbances at depth. Previous eruptions and intrusions have occurred beneath the upper eastern rift zone near Pauahi Crater and Hiʻiaka Crater to the southeast and around the Luamanu and Keanakākoʻi craters on the caldera margin. This area erupted several times during the 1960s and 1970s. The last eruption occurred during a single day in November 1979 in and near the Pauahi Crater.

At present, there is no indication that magma is moving toward the June 3, 2024 eruption site southwest of the caldera. However, changes in the nature and location of the unrest could occur quickly, as could the likelihood of an eruption.

The USGS says it will continue to provide daily updates on Kilauea Volcano. If activity changes significantly, a volcanic activity notification will be issued.

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