Studies characterize long-term COVID symptoms in inpatient and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients

In an article published in the journal Digital medicineScientists provided a detailed overview of the long-term symptoms experienced by patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after the initial primary infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ..

Background

It has been found that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experience a variety of symptoms even after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection has resolved. This condition is commonly known as long-COVID. Most common long-COVID symptoms Fatigue, dyspnea, pain, lack of concentration, depression. Even patients with mild early infections can experience long COVID symptoms for weeks or months.

Despite the high prevalence of long-COVID, there is not enough information on the various symptoms that can result from a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection. Informing public health authorities, health care professionals, and patients about the risk of long-term effects after infection requires a deep understanding of the symptoms of long-term COVID.

In the current study, scientists assessed the risk and prevalence of long-term COVID symptoms in inpatients and non-inpatients with COVID-19 in a multinational environment.

Research design

Survey analysis was performed on electronic health record data collected from 277 international hospitals. The study population included 414,602 COVID-19 patients and 2.3 million COVID-19-free control patients. Both inpatients (inpatients) and outpatients (non-inpatients) were included in the analysis.

Over 221 million diagnostic codes were included to identify new onset conditions that prevailed in COVID-19 patients during the post-infection period. The duration of acute infection was defined as within 29 days of the onset of infection. The period after the mid-acute phase was defined as 30-89 days after the first infection. The late acute phase was defined as more than 90 days after the initial infection.

Survey population

A total of 75,232 inpatients and 339,370 non-inpatient COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis. Similarly, the number of inpatient and outpatient control participants was 505,055 and 1,825,473, respectively.

Baseline prevalence of health

For inpatients

Higher baseline prevalence of diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cardiopulmonary disease, and gastroesophageal disease were observed among admitted COVID-19 patients compared to admitted control patients.

Patients with COVID-19 during acute infection and hospitalization had the highest incidence of pneumonia, dyspnea, acute renal failure, hypertension, malaise, and malaise.Compared to inpatient controls, inpatients with COVID-19 Viral pneumoniaRespiratory abnormalities, malaise, malaise, acute kidney injury, and hypovolemia.

Outpatient case

The prevalence of gastroesophageal disease, obesity, and depression was observed in patients with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized compared to controls who were not hospitalized.

Patients with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized during the acute infection had the highest incidence of cough, viral infection, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia. Compared to non-hospitalized controls, non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients had a higher incidence of viral infection, viral pneumonia, cough, dyspnea, acute upper airway infection, fever, malaise, and malaise. rice field.

Long COVID symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

The risk of heart failure, pneumonia, dyspnea, cough, malaise, malaise, and cognitive dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 in the mid-late acute phase compared to the inpatient controls. ..

In the late acute phase, hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed an increased risk of angina (chest pain due to coronary heart disease).

Long-term COVID symptoms in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients

No risk of pulmonary embolism and infarction, pneumonia, venous embolism and thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, dementia, forgetfulness, malaise, and malaise, COVID-19 It was significantly higher in the middle of the patient. Post-acute stage compared to non-hospitalized controls.

During the late acute phase, non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed increased risk of skin ulcers, diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, dementia, dyspnea, loss of taste and odor sensation, and inflammatory neuropathy. I did.

Overall, it was observed that the incidence of cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions gradually decreased over time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In contrast, induction of cardiovascular, digestive, and metabolic state incidence was observed among non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Significance of research

This study compares the incidence of COVID-19 in inpatients and non-inpatients at various stages after acute infection. As scientists have stated, research results may help develop evidence-based assessment and management guidelines.