Health
McMaster researchers have discovered a bacteria-killing toxin that could lead to innovation in antibiotics
:format(webp)/https://www.thespec.com/content/dam/thespec/news/hamilton-region/2022/09/06/bacteria-killing-toxin-research-antiboiotics/mcmaster.jpg "McMaster researchers have discovered a bacteria-killing toxin that could lead to innovation in antibiotics")
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a bacteria-killing toxin that could open up new pathways for antibiotics.
The study, published in Molecular Cell, was led by John Whitney of the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research. Whitney and Nathan Bullen, graduate students in biochemistry and biomedical sciences at McMaster, spent three years studying the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It causes infections such as pneumonia, but the findings showed that it also secretes a toxin that can kill other species of bacteria.
The significance of this discovery is how the toxin kills bacteria, Whitney said. Targets an RNA.
“I don’t think there are any known antibiotics that attack bacterial RNA,” Whitney said, adding that that’s what makes the discovery exciting.
He said most antibiotics used in hospitals are made by bacteria.
“Mother Nature is better at finding ways to kill bacteria than we are.”
But the problem is that the available antibiotics attack the same important pathways. Over time, bacteria have evolved to become resistant to antibiotics. This has led to the “Modern Antibiotic Crisis”.
Penicillin, for example, works well because it targets cell walls that humans don’t have. Therefore, it kills bacteria without harming the patient. But it’s easy for bacteria to resist.
RNA is different. It is present in all living cells, including human cells. Whitney said the toxin can’t be used as an antibiotic because it can kill people, but the RNA-targeting pathway is something researchers can study.
When they first started researching the toxin and how it kills bacteria, they focused on how it affects proteins. doing.
However, the test results were not good. They tried DNA, but that too failed. So they finally tried RNA. He called testing his RNA “a hailstone.”
Whitney remembers it was Sunday when the test results were successful and his phone lit up with a message from Bullen in the lab.
“It was exciting,” he said.
The next year they studied how the toxin targets RNA. Whitney said more research is needed, including understanding at the molecular level why toxins that target RNA are lethal.
Whitney and Bren also collaborated with colleagues at Imperial College London and the University of Manitoba. Funding for this study was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Medical Research Council, the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada, and the Canadian Light Source.
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