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Shape-changing “Transformer Robot” inspired by origami
Inspired by the art of origami, engineers at North Carolina State University have found a way to transform a single plastic cubic structure into more than 1,000 shapes using just three active motors. The discovery could pave the way for shape-changing artificial systems that can perform multiple functions and even carry payloads, such as multipurpose robotic structures for use in space.
“The question we're asking is, how can we achieve a wide variety of shapes while minimizing the number of actuators that drive the deformation,” said Ji Ying, an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and co-corresponding author of a paper describing the work. “Here, we've taken a hierarchical concept found in nature, such as layered muscle fibers, and used it with a plastic cube to create a transforming robot.”
Researchers at North Carolina State University used a 3D printer to assemble hollow plastic cubes, then built 36 of them with rotating hinges, some of which were secured in place by metal pins and others which were wirelessly actuated by motors.
Using just three active motors, the researchers were able to move the cube into over 1,000 different shapes, including tunnel-like structures, bridge-like structures, and even multi-story buildings.
The transforming robot, which is not tethered to cables, can move forward, backward, left, and right without legs, simply by controlling the shape change of the structure. The robot can also transform relatively quickly from a flat, or fully open, state to a large, box-like cube, or fully closed state. The robot can also carry a load of about three times its own weight.
Next, the researchers will try to improve the Transformer bot even further.
“We want to make stronger structures that can withstand larger loads,” said Yanbin Li, a postdoctoral researcher at North Carolina State University and co-corresponding author of the paper. “For example, if we want to make it into the shape of a car, how do we design the first structure that can transform into the shape of a car? We also want to test our structures in real-world applications, like space robotics.”
“We think these could be used as deployable, configurable space robots or habitats,” said Antonio Di Lalo, a postdoctoral researcher at North Carolina State University and co-first author of the paper. “They're modular, so they can be sent flat into space, assembled into a shelter or habitat, and then disassembled.”
“It needs to be easy for users to assemble and operate,” Yin said.
Hao Su, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, is a co-author on the paper. Junxi Zhu, a doctoral student at NC State, and Yinding Chi, a former doctoral student at NC State, are co-authors on the paper.
The survey results are Nature CommunicationsThis research was funded by National Science Foundation grants CMMI-2005374, CMMI-2126072, and 2231419.
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