Health
Pharmacological genomic testing helps reduce drug response in the UK
A new study from Queen Mary University in London found that 9% of all reported harmful drug reactions (ADRs) were reported to UK drug regulators, which is associated with drugs whose side effects are partially dependent on the patient's genes. Of this subset of ADRs, 75% were only associated with three genes that affect the way the body processes the drug. Therefore, pre-prescription genetic testing can help avoid ADR in these cases.
Over the past 60 years, the Drug and Medical Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card Scheme has recorded over a million reports of side effects, also known as drug side effects (ADRs). Previous studies have shown that over 99% of individuals have genetic mutations, which can lead to side effects on certain drugs. In some cases, these reactions can be serious, with additional health issues, long hospital stays, and even death. The cost of ADR to the NHS is estimated to exceed £2 billion a year.
The new study, published today at PLOS Medicine, led by Dr. Emmama Gaburn at Queen Mary University in London, analyzed ADR reports of over 1.3 million submitted to the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme. It was found that 115,789 (9%) were associated with drugs that can be corrected using the risk of side effects. Pharmacological Genomics (PGX) Information to guide prescriptions. Of these, 75% were associated with three genes that influence how individual drugs were treated (CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and SLCO1B1).
The type of medication that showed the most preservatives of ADRs preventable by prescribing genetic information was treatment for psychiatric disorders (47%) and cardiovascular problems (24%). The study also found that patients with ADR that can be alleviated by PGX are males, older men, and more likely to experience non-severe but not fatal side effects.
Clinical trials have shown that using genetic information to instruct preemptive prescriptions, such as adjusting doses and choosing different medications, can avoid ADR and improve patient outcomes. This study highlights the possibility of integrating pharmacogenomics testing into clinical practice to integrate drugs that are safer and more effective for patients.
“It is important to understand the state of side effects reported nationwide over the past half century and to unravel the possible impacts of the use of genetic testing to personalize prescriptions in the UK,” said Emma Magabirn, NIHR clinical academic instructor at Queen Mary's Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine.
“This is the biggest analysis of the potential role of pharmacogenomics in side effects from the national voluntary reporting system. 9% of these reports suggest that it may be related to genetic makeup: preemptive testing of known genes interacting with drugs.”
This study shows how reports of suspected side effects on yellow card schemes can better understand and prevent serious side effects, including those associated with genetic factors. The MHRA Yellow Card Scheme plays an important role in monitoring the safety of UK medicines by collecting reports of suspected side effects from patients, public and medical professionals. This study also strengthens the pioneering importance of Yellowcard biobanks in English genomics. This helps to take a more personalized and proactive approach to patient safety and make the medicine safer for everyone. ”
June Rain, CEO of MHRA
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Journal Reference:
Magavern, EC, et al. (2025) Pharmacogenics and harmful drug reports: insights from the UK National Pharmacy Database. PLOS Medicine. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004565.
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