Earthquakes in Hawaii are caused by magma moving through pancake-like chambers

Swarms of earthquakes have struck Hawaii in recent years, and a new study led by researchers in the US finds that the underground movement of magma beneath the island is causing frequent tremors.

Hawaii earthquake swarms

(Image: Arcturian image from Pixabay)

Published in the journal Science on December 22, researchers from the California Institute of Technology confirm that the Hawaiian earthquake swarms were caused by a rock network beneath the American island in the Pacific Ocean. This is where the research team concluded that the swarms are caused by magma moving through sills, which are pancake-like chambers.

The team highlights that gushing magma moving through a large group of interconnected chambers beneath volcanoes in Hawaii appears to be responsible for the swarms of unexplained earthquakes felt on the Big Island in the past seven years.

The researchers used advances in earthquake monitoring through deep learning algorithms to image the structures that cause massive mantle earthquakes from the nearly 200,000 events that accelerated after the 2019 Kilauea caldera collapse, the study remains.

Also read: New volcano may form due to frequent earthquake swarm in Mexico

Post-traumatic sequence

The USGS reports that many earthquakes follow a geoseismic rhythm and non-swarm pattern known as a “main shock sequence.” This means that the largest earthquake occurs first, followed by a series of smaller shocks, which decay over a period of time ranging from weeks to decades.

On average, the magnitude of the largest aftershock is about one magnitude smaller than the main shock. In short, aftershocks are generally weaker than the first identifiable earthquake. However, there are cases where such a sequence does not always occur. The majority of earthquakes as reported in modern times tend towards this sequence whether they occur underground or under the ocean.

The USGS says that there are cases where the largest earthquake cannot be the first event but rather occur in the middle of the sequence. In addition, there are some sequences that involve many earthquakes with magnitudes similar to the largest earthquake in a given sequence.

With this said, the agency stresses that sequences that do not fit into an aftershock sequence are considered earthquake swarms, which are defined as a series of seismic events that occur several times over a relatively small area in a short period of time.

earthquake swarm cases

A seismic swarm made up of thousands of seismic shocks has been going on for years in Southern California. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of more than 22,000 tremors occurred, which has become a freak event for scientists, according to National Geographic. However, in 2020 scientists used a high-resolution view inside the Earth’s crust that showed the cause of the Southern California swarm.

An earthquake swarm that began in early 2016 silently shook the ground beneath Southern California. However, the swarm did not occur daily and most of it was too small to be felt by humans, but the tremors continued to falter and manifold as the months went by. By the spring of 2018, thousands of small earthquakes struck each month, enough to affect bulbs and affect residents in nearby towns.

Besides the United States, other parts of the world have also experienced earthquake swarms in the past, including India, the Philippines, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, El Salvador, Peru, and even island nations in the Pacific Ocean.

Related article: Earthquake swarm shakes Oregon’s largest volcano

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