Health
Newly Identified Enzyme Provides New Tool in CRISPR Genome Editing Toolbox
The recently discovered hyper-compact CRISPR enzyme, found only in giant bacteriophage and known as CRISPR-CasΦ, is a functional, new study by Patrick Pasti, Jennifer Doudna and colleagues and includes the CRISPR genome It provides a powerful new tool in the editing toolbox: it can target a wider range of gene sequences compared to Cas9 and Cas12.
The authors tested their target spreading ability in human and plant cells. Given their small size, they also suggest that CasΦ may offer new advantages in cell delivery compared to other CRISPR-Cas proteins.
Commonly known as a tool for genetic engineering, the CRISPR-Cas system provides many unicellular organisms with adaptive immunity to viruses and plasmids.
The host’s CRISPR RNA (crRNA) recognizes the DNA of previously encountered viruses and directs the CRISPR-related or Cas enzymes to destroy the virus.
The CRISPR-Cas system is almost exclusively present and operates on bacterial and archaeal genomes, but was also recently discovered in the giant bacteriophage-bacterial virus. However, these systems are different.
They specifically lack the Cas protein commonly found in other CRISPR-Cas systems, but still have only the genetically unique and unusually small CasΦ enzyme.
Here, Pausch, Doudna, and colleagues describe the functionality of the phage-derived CRISPR-CasΦ system and show the potential for expanding the CRISPR genome editing toolbox.
Despite being almost half the size of the Cas9 and Cas12 systems commonly used for genome editing, Pausch et al. The biochemically unique CasΦ is fully functional, produces mature crRNAs, and can cleave foreign DNA using only a single active site, making it the most compact ever seen CRISPR-Cas system.
In addition, the authors demonstrate the ability of CasΦ to be successfully used in both human and plant genome editing.
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